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About UsTsisco Industrial Ltd. was established in 2010. Originating from the Tsingshan ecosystem’s Shanghai platform, the company now operates independently and focuses on global supply-chain integration, distribution, and import/export of steel and alloy materials. We achieved ISO 9001 certification from TÜV Rheinland in 2012, and ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and ISO 45001 certifications from LRQA in 2022. These accreditations underpin continuous improvement and stable performance in quality, environment, and occupational health & safety.
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Products & Solutions
Heat Exchanger Tubes
Heat Exchanger Tubes
Heat Exchanger Tubes｜Global Sourcing for Engineering & Procurement
I. Product Positioning and Applications
1. Definition and positioning
Heat exchanger tubes are dedicated tubular products for shell-and-tube, air-cooled, plate-and-shell, condensers, and heaters, covering carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, duplex stainless steel, nickel and nickel-based alloys, copper and copper-nickel alloys, and titanium and titanium alloys.
2. Industries
Oil and chemicals, refining and petrochemicals, natural gas and LNG, power and thermal (boilers, heaters, feedwater heaters), desalination and offshore, metallurgy and mining, pulp and paper, food, pharmaceuticals and biotech, electronics and ultra-pure media, HVAC and district energy.
3. Design and code boundary
Material standards govern “materials and manufacturing,” while equipment design follows the project code, e.g., TEMA, API 660 (shell-and-tube), API 661 (air-cooled), ASME BPVC Section VIII for pressure vessels, and ASME B31.3 for process piping. For pressure equipment, regulatory compliance, traceability, and inspection dossiers are mandatory.
II. Standards Matrix (by material family)
1. General requirements and certification
General: ASTM A450 (General Requirements for carbon and low-alloy steel tubes), ASTM A1016 (General Requirements for ferritic alloy and stainless steel tubes). Certification: EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2.
2. Carbon and alloy steels
Low- to medium-temperature condensers and heat exchangers: ASTM A179 (low-carbon, cold-drawn tubes), ASTM A214 (ERW carbon-steel tubes).
Boilers and high-temperature heaters: ASTM A192 (high-pressure boiler tubes), ASTM A210 (medium-carbon boiler and superheater tubes), ASTM A209 (T1 series), ASTM A213 (T11, T22, T91, T92 ferritic alloy steel tubes for heat-exchangers/superheaters), ASTM A556 (feedwater heater tubes).
3. Stainless steels and duplex
Seamless: ASTM A213 (austenitic and ferritic stainless steel tubes for heat-exchangers/superheaters).
Welded: ASTM A249 (austenitic stainless steel welded tubes for boilers/superheaters/heat-exchangers), ASTM A688 (welded austenitic stainless steel tubes for condensers/heat-exchangers).
General reference: ASTM A269 (austenitic stainless—dimensional tolerance reference when applicable).
Duplex: ASTM A789 (seamless and welded duplex stainless steel tubes).
4. Nickel and nickel-based alloys
ASTM B163 (nickel and nickel-alloy seamless condenser and heat-exchanger tubes), ASTM B167 (Ni-Cr-Fe alloys, e.g., UNS N06600/N06601), ASTM B407 (Alloy 800H/800HT), ASTM B423 (Alloy 825), ASTM B444 (Alloy 625).
5. Copper and copper-nickel
ASTM B111 (copper and copper-alloy seamless condenser and heat-exchanger tubes; typical C70600 90-10 and C71500 70-30 Cu-Ni).
6. Titanium
ASTM B338 (titanium and titanium-alloy seamless/welded tubes for condensers/heat-exchangers; common Grades 2 and 12).
7. EN/GB/JIS references
EN 10216-2 (seamless steel tubes for elevated temperatures), EN 10216-5 (seamless stainless), EN 10217-7 (welded stainless), EN 12451 (Cu/Cu-Ni seamless round tubes for heat-exchangers).
GB/T 13296 (stainless seamless tubes for boilers/heat-exchangers), GB/T 5310 (seamless steel tubes for high-pressure boilers), JIS G3461 (carbon steel), JIS G3462 (alloy steel), JIS G3463 (stainless—boilers/heat-exchangers).
8. Dimensions and tolerances
For stainless and nickel alloys, ISO 1127 D/T tolerance classes (D3/D4; T3/T4/T5) can be adopted by agreement. For carbon and alloy steels, apply the specific tolerance clauses of the relevant ASTM product standards.
III. Scenario—Material—Standard—Size Mapping (quick reference)
1. Steam surface condensers & circulating cooling water
Materials: ASTM A179 (cold-drawn low-carbon); for seawater and high chloride, ASTM B111 C70600/C71500 or ASTM B338 Gr.2 (titanium).
Standards: ASTM A179, ASTM B111, ASTM B338; HEI and TEMA may apply.
Sizes: OD 15.88–31.75 mm, WT 0.7–2.1 mm, L 6–16 m (adjust per OEM data).
2. Feedwater heaters (LP to HP)
Materials: ASTM A556 (carbon steel, cold-drawn) or ASTM A213 T11/T22.
Standards: ASTM A556, ASTM A213, ASTM A450.
Sizes: OD 19.05–38.10 mm, WT 1.65–5.59 mm, L 6–18 m.
3. Superheaters and reheaters
Materials: ASTM A213 T11, T22, T91, T92; optionally ASTM A209 T1 series.
Standards: ASTM A213, ASTM A209, corresponding ASME SA.
Sizes: OD 25–76 mm, WT 2.5–12 mm, L 6–22 m.
4. Chemical process shell-and-tube exchangers (moderate to severe corrosion)
Materials: ASTM A213 TP304L, TP316L; for high chloride/crevice-corrosion risk use ASTM A789 S32205/S32750; for severe media select ASTM B163/B444/B423 (Alloy 600/625/825) or ASTM B338 (titanium).
Standards: ASTM A213, ASTM A789, ASTM B163, ASTM B444, ASTM B423, ASTM B338; for sour service, NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 applies.
Sizes: OD 12.7–38.1 mm, WT 1.0–4.0 mm, L 6–12 m.
5. Desalination and offshore condensers
Materials: ASTM B111 C70600/C71500, ASTM A789 S32205/S32750, ASTM B338 Gr.2.
Standards: ASTM B111, ASTM A789, ASTM B338; pitting/crevice design per TEMA/project.
Sizes: OD 19–25 mm, WT 0.9–2.0 mm, L 6–12 m.
6. Food, pharma and ultra-pure media
Materials: ASTM A213 TP316L (controlled S/inclusions); apply ASME BPE surface and cleanliness where required; plate-type components follow hygienic codes.
Standards: ASTM A213, ASTM A269 (tolerance reference), ASME BPE.
Sizes: OD 12.7–25.4 mm, WT 0.9–2.0 mm, L as per design.
7. Air-cooled exchangers (base tubes)
Materials: ASTM A179 or ASTM A210/A213 as finned base tubes; fins per OEM.
Standards: ASTM A179, ASTM A210, ASTM A213, API 661.
Sizes: OD 19–38 mm, base tube WT 1.6–4.0 mm.
IV. Size Range and Tolerances
1. Typical capability window
OD: 6–101.6 mm (austenitic/nickel alloys commonly 12.7–50.8 mm).
WT: 0.7–12 mm (condensers 0.7–2.11 mm; high-temp service up to 8–12 mm).
Length: 6–12 m typical; up to 18–22 m for boiler/air-cooler coils; U-tubes per drawing.
2. Tolerance system
For stainless and nickel alloys, ISO 1127 classes D3/D4 (OD) and T3/T4/T5 (WT) may be agreed; for carbon/alloy steels, apply the clauses in ASTM A179/A192/A210/A213/A556. Straightness, ovality, and squareness are per product standards or the technical agreement.
V. Manufacturing and Critical Controls
1. Seamless route
Piercing and hot rolling or cold drawing; control of eccentricity and uniform wall; post-draw heat treatment (solution anneal or normalize/temper), straightening and stress relief.
2. Welded route
GTAW/PAW forming and welding, followed by solution anneal and pickling/passivation; A249 and A688 require full weld integrity testing and flattening/expanding.
3. U-tubes
Local or full heat treatment before/after bending; control of bend-area thinning and hardness; post-bend pickling/passivation and cleanliness verification.
4. Surface and cleanliness
Pickle/passivate or electropolish for stainless/titanium; for hygienic service, meet ASME BPE surface roughness and cleanliness.
VI. Quality and Documentation
1. General and mechanical
Per ASTM A450 or A1016; tensile, hardness, flaring/flattening, repeated-bend as applicable.
2. NDE and pressure
ET/MT/UT per EN ISO 10893 series or ASTM clauses; hydrostatic or pneumatic pressure test per code and standard.
3. Corrosion and phase balance
Austenitic IGC per ASTM A262; duplex per ASTM A923 and ASTM G48; nickel alloys—medium compatibility statements.
4. Dossier and traceability
EN 10204 3.1/3.2, heat-treatment records, raw NDE data, U-tube post-bend inspection and cleanliness reports, third-party witnessing when required.
VII. Supply Forms and Packaging
Straight, U-bent, finned base tubes (fins by OEM or coordinated), pickle/passivate or electropolished, dry and capped ends. Marine-grade packing with desiccants, shock protection, full batch ID and traceable barcodes.
VIII. Ordering Checklist (copy-ready)
1. Service and medium: temperature, pressure, chlorides, acids/alkalis/solvents, H₂S or hygienic.
2. Standard and grade: e.g.,”ASTM A213 TP316L,” “ASTM A789 S32205,” “ASTM B338 Gr.2,” “ASTM B111 C70600.”
3. Dimensions and tolerances: OD × WT × length; tolerance scheme (ISO 1127 class or ASTM clauses); straightness/ovality limits.
4. Manufacturing and heat treatment: seamless or welded, solution or QT, U-tube post-bend heat treatment and thinning limit.
5. Testing and documents: ET/UT coverage, hydro/pneumatic parameters, A262/A923/G48 as applicable, EN 10204 3.1/3.2, TPI list.
6. Surface and cleanliness: pickle/passivate, ID roughness target (hygienic), cleanliness, dryness and capping.
IX. Material Selection Guide (concise)
Condensers/low-temp HX: A179; seawater condensers: B111 C70600/C71500 or B338 Gr.2; moderate corrosion: A213 TP316L; high chlorides: A789 S32205/S32750; high-temp pressure: A213 T11/T22/T91; severe corrosion: B163/B444/B423; hygienic/ultra-pure: A213 TP316L with stringent surface/cleanliness.
X. Risks in Procurement, Fabrication and O&M
Do not replace A688/A249 with general A269 without weld-integrity testing; avoid 304/316 in seawater due to pitting/crevice risks; missing post-bend heat-treatment/cleaning on U-tubes leads to premature failure; skipping A450/A1016 general clauses causes hydro/NDE/marking gaps; sour service without NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 review risks SSC.
XI. Representative RFQ/PO Lines
1. Carbon-steel condenser tubes
“Tubes, ASTM A179, OD 19.05 mm × WT 1.65 mm × L 9.14 m, cold-drawn, 100% ET, hydro per A450, EN 10204 3.1, plastic end caps.”
2. Titanium seawater condenser tubes
“Tubes, ASTM B338 Gr.2, OD 25.4 mm × WT 1.25 mm × L 12 m, annealed, 100% ET, hydro per standard, clean/dry capped, CMTR 3.1.”
3. Duplex stainless for process exchangers
“Tubes, ASTM A789 S32205, OD 19.05 mm × WT 1.65 mm × L 6 m, solution annealed + pickle/passivate, ASTM A923 A/B/C & G48A @25 °C pass, 100% ET, CMTR 3.2 (TPI).”
4. Alloy-steel superheater
“Tubes, ASTM A213 T22, OD 50.8 mm × WT 5.0 mm × L 12 m, heat treatment per standard, 100% UT, hydro per drawing, CMTR 3.1.”
5. Hygienic service
“Tubes, ASTM A213 TP316L, OD 25.4 mm × WT 1.65 mm × L 6 m, pickle/passivate, ID roughness per project (ASME BPE if specified), 100% ET, CMTR 3.1.”
XII. Representative Global Manufacturers (alphabetical, examples)
Alleima (formerly Sandvik Materials Technology), JFE, KOBE, Mannesmann Stainless Tubes, Nippon Steel, Plymouth Tube, Salzgitter Mannesmann, Tubacex, Vallourec, Webco, Wieland (Cu/Cu-Ni), KME (Cu/Cu-Ni), Toho Titanium / Japanese mills and Baoji Non-Ferrous (titanium). Capabilities and test depths vary; use mill datasheets and contract specifics.
Heat Exchanger Tubes (incl. U-bends) ｜Technical Specifications
1) Definition & Scope
Straight and U-bend tubes for shell-and-tube exchangers, condensers, heaters, air-coolers, feedwater heaters, HRSG/HX services. Materials: CS/low-alloy, stainless (austenitic/ferritic/martensitic), duplex/super duplex, Ni & Ni-base, Cu & Cu-Ni, Ti & Ti alloys.
(If used as process/pressure piping, re-spec under A312/A790/EN 10216-5 + A999/A1016.)
2) Standards Matrix (incl. GB/JIS/EN)
General Requirements: ASTM A1016/A450 (Fe-base), ASTM B829 (Ni-base), EN 10204 (3.1/3.2).
Stainless / Duplex (SMLS/Welded): ASTM A213, A268, A789, A249, A269, A688; EN 10216-5, EN 10217-7; DIN 17458 (legacy).
Carbon/Low-Alloy: ASTM A179, A192, A210, A214.
Nickel & High-Nickel: ASTM B163, B165, B167, B407, B423, B444, B622, B626, B677, B704 (+ B829).
Cu/Cu-Ni: ASTM B111, EN 12451, JIS H3300.
Titanium: ASTM B338, B861/B862.
JIS / Nuclear / GB: JIS G3463/G3461/G3462; RCC-M M3302/M3303; GB/T 13296, GB/T 14976 (and project-specified GB/T for HX).
U-bend: TEMA RCB-2.31; SA556/A556 (FW-heater CS U-tubes).
3) Materials & UNS (examples)
Austenitic: 304/304L (S30400/S30403), 316/316L (S31600/S31603), 321 (S32100), 347/347H (S34700/S34709), 310S (S31008), 904L (N08904), 6Mo/254SMo (S31254).
Ferritic/Martensitic: 409/410/430/444 (per A268).
Duplex/Super Duplex: 2205 (S32205/S31803), 2507 (S32750/S32760).
CS/Low-alloy: A179, A192, A210.
Ni & Ni-base: Ni200/201, Monel 400 (N04400), Inconel 600/601/690, Incoloy 800H/800HT, Alloy 825 (N08825), Alloy 625 (N06625), C-276 (N10276), C-22 (N06022).
Cu-Ni: C70600 (90/10), C71500 (70/30).
Titanium: Gr.2, Gr.7, Gr.12.
4) Sizes & Tolerances (typical)
Straight: OD 6–50.8 mm (¼″–2″), common 12.7–38.1 mm; WT 0.7–3.0 mm; L 3–24 m.
U-bend: OD 12.7–38 mm; R ≥ 1.5–2.5×OD; leg 0.8–12 m (longer per capability). Post-bend HT, wall thinning, ovality, spring-back & geometry per TEMA RCB-2.31.
Dimensional tolerances per A1016/A450/B829 or EN/JIS; stainless/duplex may adopt ISO 1127 D/T tolerance grades by contract.
5) Manufacturing & Surface
Routes: SMLS (pierce-roll + cold draw/roll) to A213/A789/B163/B444; Welded (GTAW/laser/PAW) to A249 (cold-work weld + SA) / A688 (cold-worked welded) / B626/B704.
HT: solution/BA/stress-relief as per alloy; post-bend HT for U-tubes (cover bend + adjacent legs).
Surface/cleanliness: pickling/passivation (A380/A967), BA; specify ID Ra and degreasing when sanitary/electronic/condensing duty requires.
Ends: plain/beveled/deburr; optional pre-expansion/flaring to suit tube-to-tubesheet joint.
6) KPIs & Application Mapping
Fresh-water condensers: A179 (cost) or A213 TP304/L (corrosion margin).
Seawater/high-Cl⁻/desal: A789 S32205/2507, A213 S31254, or B338 Ti Gr.2 (high velocity/erosion → Ti).
Aggressive media (brine/acid/FGD): B677 904L/AL-6XN, B622 C-276/C-22, B444 625 (verify PREN/pitting/crevice margins).
High-temp heaters: A213 TP321H/347H/310S; B407 800H/HT for higher creep/carburizing resistance.
Feedwater-heater U-tubes: SA556/A556 (CS) or A213 austenitic; enforce TEMA RCB-2.31.
Sour service (H₂S/CO₂): B423 825, B444 625 per ISO 15156/NACE MR0175.
Cu/Cu-Ni condensers: B111 C70600/C71500 (70/30 resists erosion better).
7) QA/QC
Chemistry & PMI 100% for critical alloys.
Mechanicals: tensile/hardness; provide creep/rupture data when applicable.
Corrosion: ASTM A262 (IGC) for austenitic; ASTM A923 + ASTM G48 for duplex; Ni-base per alloy + B829.
NDT & pressure: per A1016/A450/B829 choose Hydro 100% or full-length ET/UT (or both by contract).
A249 mechanical tests: flattening/flaring/reverse-bend/hardness.
U-bend: ECT 100% post-bend (strongly recommended), plus hydro if specified.
Records: OD/WT/ovality/straightness; U-bend a/c/e/f/l/l_g/r_m/S_min documented.
Docs: EN 10204 3.1/3.2, HT charts, NDT/pressure/corrosion reports, U-bend geometry sheets.
8) Construction-Phase Controls
Tube-to-tubesheet: expansion/welding/expansion-weld hybrid; PQR/WPS to ASME IX/TEMA, pull-out/leak tests.
Clean & dry assembly; control chlorides (avoid halide cleaners on austenitic/duplex).
Velocity/erosion control per TEMA; check critical velocities for Cu-Ni/SS/Ti.
Galvanic management (tube vs tubesheet/bolting vs CP).
Shell-side/tube-side hydro/pressure tests; helium leak for nuclear/vacuum duty.
9) Delivery & Packaging
Straight tubes: capped, sleeved, strapped; layered in wooden cases/frames.
U-tubes: segregate by radius; protect bend; include geometry lists (R, a, c, e/f, l, l_g).
Protection: desiccants/moisture barrier; single-wrap for Ni/Ti; labels with grade/size/heat/standard/U-bend geometry.
10) RFQ/PO Checklist
1. Standard + Grade (e.g., ASTM A213 TP316L / ASTM A789 S32205 / ASTM B338 Gr.2 / ASTM B444 N06625).
2. Size: OD × WT × L; for U-tubes provide R, e/f, a, l, l_g or drawing.
3. Route: SMLS/Welded (A249/A688 etc.); for welded state weld cold-work & purge gas.
4. HT: solution/BA/stress-relief; post-bend HT coverage.
5. Surface & cleanliness: pickling/passivation; ID Ra & degreasing class.
6. Testing: PMI scope; ET/UT/RT; hydro/air; A262/A923/G48 where applicable.
7. Docs: 3.1/3.2, HT charts, NDT/pressure/corrosion, U-bend geometry records.
8. Packing: straight/U-bend packing, export protection.
9. Service inputs: medium, Cl⁻ ppm, T/ΔP/velocity, joint method, nuclear/vacuum notes.
11) Risk Checklist
No A1016/A450/B829 referenced with material standard;
Conflating A249 and A688 requirements;
Choosing 304/316 in seawater/high-Cl⁻ where 2205/2507/Ti is needed;
U-bends without TEMA RCB-2.31 geometry/thinning/ovality records;
Ni-alloys without B829 or PMI 100%;
Duplex without A923/G48;
Welded tubes unspecified weld cold-work (A249) and purge;
Chloride-bearing cleaners during construction;
Weak tube-to-tubesheet qualification.
12) Sample Spec Lines (English)
• Fresh-water condenser:
“Tube, ASTM A179, 19.05 × 1.24 mm, L=12 m, plain ends deburred, Hydro 100% per A450, EN 10204 3.1.”
• Seawater (duplex):
“Tube, ASTM A789 UNS S32205, 25.4 × 1.65 mm, L=9 m, Pickle & Passivate (A380/A967), ECT 100%, ASTM A923 Method A pass / ASTM G48A 25 °C 72 h pass, 3.1.”
• High-strength welded austenitic:
“Tube, ASTM A688 TP316L, 19.05 × 0.89 mm, L=12 m, Cold-worked welded, Hydro per A1016, 3.1.”
• Corrosion-resistant Ni-alloy:
“Tube, ASTM B444 UNS N06625, 19.05 × 1.24 mm, L=6 m, solution annealed, ET per ASTM E426 + hydro, Docs per ASTM B829, 3.1.”
• Titanium condenser (seawater):
“Tube, ASTM B338 Grade 2, 25.4 × 1.2 mm, L=9 m, pickled, Hydro 100%, 3.1.”
• U-bend FW-heater:
“U-Tube, ASME SA556 Gr.C2, 22.23 × 1.65 mm, R = 2.0×OD, leg per drawing, Post-bend stress-relief, ECT 100%, TEMA RCB-2.31 geometry recorded, 3.1.”
13) Representative Global Producers (alphabetical)
Stainless/Duplex/Ni-Alloy (SMLS/Welded): Alleima, Mannesmann Stainless Tubes, Tubacex Group, Tenaris, Vallourec, Plymouth Tube, Webco, Nippon Steel, JFE, Sumitomo, Kobe Steel, Outokumpu LP, Aperam/UGITECH, Valbruna, Fine Tubes (AMETEK SMP).
Cu/Cu-Ni: KME, Wieland, Mueller, Ningbo Powerway Alloy.
Titanium: BAOTI, Western Superconducting, Toho Titanium, Alleima/Tubacex/Fine Tubes (per product lines).
Request capability sheets (max OD/min WT/U-bend radius/NDT class) and last-3-year references in RFQ.
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