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Industries OverviewThe company's products are primarily used in industrial equipment sectors such as nuclear power, petroleum, petrochemicals, chemical engineering, power generation, automotive manufacturing, shipbuilding, fertilizer production, pharmaceuticals, papermaking, sugar refining, and machinery manufacturing. -
Products & SolutionsOur Products: Ferrous metal ore raw materials (nickel ore, ferronickel, ferrochrome, ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, etc.), seamless pipes, welded pipes, medium-thick plates, plate coils, bars, wire rods, wire coils, pipe fittings, flanges, castings, etc. -
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About UsTsisco Industrial Ltd. was established in 2010. Originating from the Tsingshan ecosystem’s Shanghai platform, the company now operates independently and focuses on global supply-chain integration, distribution, and import/export of steel and alloy materials. We achieved ISO 9001 certification from TÜV Rheinland in 2012, and ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and ISO 45001 certifications from LRQA in 2022. These accreditations underpin continuous improvement and stable performance in quality, environment, and occupational health & safety.
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Products & Solutions
Mining Machinery Steel
Mining Machinery Steel
Mining Machinery Steel ｜Global Sourcing for Engineering & Procurement
1. Product Positioning & Scope
Mining machinery steel cover structural parts, wear parts, power-transmission parts and tubular components across open-pit and underground mining, crushing and screening, conveying and hoisting, loading and hauling, coal preparation, sintering, and bulk handling at ports. The portfolio addresses combined requirements of high impact resistance, abrasion resistance, low-temperature toughness, weight reduction (high specific strength) and weldability. Typical uses: buckets and teeth, liners and chutes, crusher frames and sidewalls, truck frames and bodies, booms and arms, conveyor idlers and frames, drums and shafts, hydraulic cylinders and rods, rock bolts and ground support, and utility piping for slurry/air/lubrication.
2. Standards Matrix (by material family & use)
1. Structural carbon & low-alloy high-strength steels
— EN: EN 10025-2 (S235/S275/S355), EN 10025-3 (…N/…NL normalized or normalized rolled), EN 10025-4 (…M/…ML TMCP), EN 10025-5 (weathering), EN 10025-6 (Q&T: S690QL/S890QL/S960QL).
— ASTM: A36, A572 (Gr 42/50/55/60/65), A514 (Q&T alloy plate), A709 (bridge—often used as structural reference).
— GB: GB/T 1591 (Q355/Q390/Q420/Q460), GB/T 16270 (Q460/Q690/Q890 Q&T).
— Tolerances & surface: EN 10029 (plate), EN 10163-2 (surface), EN 10164 (Z-direction properties), or ASTM A6 (general tolerances).
2. Abrasion-resistant steels & hardfaced composite plates
— China: GB/T 24186 (NM360/NM400/NM450/NM500).
— Common industry brands & equivalents: Hardox 400/450/500/600, Dillidur 400/450/500, JFE-EH 360/400/500, ABREX/Quard/Quend (apply mill bending/welding guides in tenders and PO notes).
3. Mechanical tubes & hollow sections (cylinders, sleeves, rollers, shafts)
— EN: EN 10210 (hot-finished structural hollow sections), EN 10219 (cold-formed), EN 10297-1 (seamless tubes for mechanical purposes), EN 10305-1/-2/-4 (precision tubes incl. hydraulic/pneumatic).
— ASTM: A500 (structural welded tubing), A519 (seamless mechanical tubing 1026/4130/4140).
— NDT: EN ISO 10893 series (UT/ET/MT/PT/RT).
4. Alloy steel bars & forgings (shafts, gears, pins, drum journals)
— EN: EN 10083-1/-3 (QT steels such as 42CrMo4, 34CrNiMo6), EN 10250/EN 10228 (open-die forgings & NDT).
— ASTM: A29/A322 (SBQ alloy bars), A434 (QT bars), A388 (UT for forgings).
— Tolerances: EN 10060 (round bars).
5. Low-temperature service (cold climate mining/ports)
— Use EN 10025-3 (…NL), EN 10025-4 (…ML) or EN 10025-6 (…QL1), or specify Charpy CVN addons for ASTM A572; quantify −20 °C to −60 °C CVN values and specimen orientation (L/T) in the PO.
3. Scene–Material–Standard–Size Mapping (quick textual guide)
1. Severe wear: bucket, liner, chute, hoppers
— Material: NM400–NM500 (GB/T 24186) or Hardox/Dillidur/JFE-EH equivalents; 6–40 mm thickness.
— Standards: GB/T 24186 or mill spec; include welding and minimum bend radius guides.
— Sizes: 2,000–3,500 mm width, 6–12 m length; flatness to tight class per EN 10029.
2. Crusher frames, sidewalls, screen boxes, brackets (lightweight high strength)
— Material: S355J2+N, S460ML (EN 10025-3/-4), S690QL (EN 10025-6), ASTM A572 Gr 50/65, ASTM A514.
— Standards: EN 10025 series or ASTM A572/A514; add EN 10164 for Z-properties when t ≥ 50 mm.
— Sizes: 8–80 mm plates; declare Z15/Z25 for thick sections.
3. Off-highway truck frames/bodies, booms & arms
— Material: S690QL/S890QL (EN 10025-6), ASTM A514 (Q&T).
— Standards: EN 10025-6 or ASTM A514; require WPS/PQR and preheat/interpass control.
— Sizes: 6–60 mm thickness; control flatness/residual stress for bending quality.
4. Conveyor idlers, drums and frames
— Material: EN 10210 S355J2H / EN 10219 or ASTM A500; drum shafts often 42CrMo4 (EN 10083).
— Standards: EN 10210/10219, ASTM A500; shafts to EN 10083 & ASTM A29/A322.
— Sizes: OD 48–406 mm, WT 3–20 mm; RHS/SHS 50×50–800×800 mm.
5. Hydraulic cylinders & rods, sleeves & hollow shafts
— Material: EN 10305-1/-2/-4 precision tubes (E355/37Mn), ASTM A519 (1026/4130/4140); rods 42CrMo4 induction-hardened + hard chrome.
— Standards: EN 10305, ASTM A519; specify ID roughness and run-out/concentricity.
— Sizes: ID 40–500 mm, WT 5–40 mm; straightness ≤0.3 mm/m (project-specific).
6. Power-train shafts, gears, pins (high strength)
— Material: 42CrMo4, 34CrNiMo6 (EN 10083); ASTM 4140/4340 (A29/A322).
— Standards: EN 10083, ASTM A29/A322; forgings UT to EN 10228 or ASTM A388.
— Sizes: Ø 20–600 mm bars; forging blanks with machining allowances per drawing.
7. Rock bolts & ground support (tunnels/stopes)
— Material & standards: follow project/national specs (e.g., ISO/EN bolt steels, local GB/industry for steel sets); verify yield/ductility and corrosion protection.
— Sizes: Ø 16–40 mm typical, length per design.
8. Slurry/air/lube piping (non-PED pressure class)
— Material: EN 10297-1 mechanical tubes, EN 10210/10219 structural tubes, or lined wear pipe (liner per mill spec).
— Standards: EN ISO 10893 NDT grades to match wear/service risk.
— Sizes: DN 50–DN 400 common, WT 4–20 mm.
4. Size Range & Tolerances (typical supply, per standard)
— Plate: 4–160 mm thick, 1,500–3,500 mm wide, 6–18 m long; EN 10029 tolerances; EN 10163-2 surface.
— Abrasion-resistant plate: 4–80 mm; hardness and minimum bend radius per mill spec.
— Hollow sections: per EN 10210/10219 or ASTM A500 tolerances; straightness typically ≤0.2–0.3% of length.
— Mechanical tubes: per EN 10297-1, EN 10305 or ASTM A519 tolerance classes.
— Bars & forgings: per EN 10060, ASTM A29/A322/A388 (dimensions & UT levels).
— Z-properties: declare EN 10164 Z15/Z25/Z35 for thick plates.
— Charpy CVN: quantify at −20/−40 °C (or project temperature) and orientation.
5. Manufacturing & Critical Controls
— Rolling & heat treatment: N/TMCP/Q&T as applicable; control quench/temper windows for high-strength & AR grades.
— Flatness & residual stress: ensure bending/welding formability.
— Weldability: limit CE/CET; define preheat/interpass/heat input and post-weld hydrogen bake-out.
— NDT: plates per EN 10160 or ASTM A578; forgings per EN 10228/ASTM A388; tubes/sections per EN ISO 10893.
— Surface & protection: EN 10163-2 or project paint/metalizing system.
6. QA/QC & Documentation
— MTC: EN 10204 3.1/3.2.
— Chemical & mechanical: grade chemistry, YS/UTS/El, hardness; low-temp CVN.
— Z-direction: EN 10164; evaluate lamellar tearing risk.
— NDT: UT/MT/PT/RT per standard and risk matrix.
— Dimensional & visual: per product standards.
— Welding: provide WPS/PQR and consumable guidance for high-strength/AR steels.
7. Supply Forms & Packing
— Plates: banded with edge guards; anti-slip mats and moisture protection as needed.
— Bars & tubes: plastic end caps, palletized bundles, tagging and inkjet IDs.
— Hollow sections: separators and film wrap to prevent scuffing.
— Marking: grade, heat/lot, size, standard, class, inspection status, net/gross weight, traceable QR.
8. RFQ/PO Checklist
1. Standards & editions (e.g., EN 10025-6 S690QL, EN 10160 UT class; ASTM A514 grade & year).
2. Material & condition (N/TMCP/Q&T; AR hardness & min bend radius).
3. Size & tolerances (t×W×L or OD×WT×L; flatness/straightness; Z-properties; CVN temp & energy).
4. NDE & docs (UT level, MT/PT/RT ratio; EN 10204 3.1/3.2; WPS/PQR when needed).
5. Welding & forming (heat input, preheat/interpass, bend radius, oxy-fuel or machining cut rules).
6. Corrosion protection (blast class, primer system & DFT, metal spray if required).
7. Logistics & packing (lifting/stacking limits, sea-freight moisture control).
9. Material Selection Guide (concise)
— Severe wear first: NM400–NM500 (or equivalent), 6–40 mm.
— High strength & lightweight: S690QL/S890QL or ASTM A514; require WPS/PQR.
— General structures: S355J2+N, S460ML; use …NL/…ML for low-temp.
— Shafts & gears: 42CrMo4, 34CrNiMo6 (QT); grade UT level for forgings.
— Cylinder tubes: EN 10305-1/-2/-4; rods 42CrMo4 IH + hard chrome.
— Arctic: lock CVN and Z-properties with specimen orientation.
10. Risks in Procurement, Fabrication & Service
— Substituting structural plate for AR plate → drastic life reduction.
— No weld procedure for high-strength steels → crack/repair risk.
— Missing Z-properties in thick plates → lamellar tearing.
— Unspecified low-temp CVN & orientation → brittle failures in cold climate.
— Random bending of AR plate → cracking; follow mill radius.
— Improper heat treatment of shaft steels → fatigue failure.
— Confusion between hollow sections vs precision/mechanical tubes → assembly issues.
11. Representative Order Lines (ready to paste)
1. Crusher frame—high strength plate
“Plate: EN 10025-6 S690QL, 20 mm × 2500 mm × 12000 mm; CVN ≥ 40 J @ −40 °C (L/T); EN 10160 UT S2/E2; EN 10164 Z25; EN 10204 3.1.”
2. Bucket wear liner
“AR plate: NM450, 12 mm × 2000 mm × 8000 mm; 420–480 HBW; min bend radius ≥ 6t; welding heat input & preheat per mill guide; EN 10204 3.1.”
3. Conveyor idler tube
“Tube: EN 10210 S355J2H, OD 159 mm × WT 6.3 mm × 12 m; straightness ≤ 0.2%·L; EN ISO 10893-2 (UT) as agreed; EN 10204 3.1.”
4. Hydraulic cylinder tube
“Precision tube: EN 10305-1 E355+SR, OD 140 mm × WT 20 mm × 6 m; ID Ra ≤ 0.8 μm; straightness ≤ 0.3 mm/m; EN 10204 3.1.”
5. Drive shaft bar
“Round bar: EN 10083-3 42CrMo4+QT, Ø 220 mm × 5.8 m; UT per EN 10228-3 (≈ ASTM A388) by agreement; hardness 28–32 HRC; EN 10204 3.1.”
12. Representative Global Producers (alphabetical, for sourcing reference)
— ArcelorMittal (incl. Industeel)
— Baosteel
— Bisalloy
— Dillinger
— HBIS
— JFE Steel
— NLMK Clabecq
— Nippon Steel
— SSAB
— voestalpine, Tata Steel, Salzgitter Mannesmann
— Benteler, Vallourec, Borusan
— TimkenSteel, Ovako, Sidenor
Mining Machinery Steel ｜Technical Specifications
1) Scope & Service Conditions
Applies to open-pit and underground mining: crushing, loading, hauling, beneficiation, conveying, and related primary/auxiliary equipment. Typical service: severe abrasion and high impact, heavy-duty fatigue and torsional vibration, low temperature (−20 to −40 °C), wet chloride-bearing slurries, dust and high-velocity erosion, and frequent start-stop.
Core design/selection indices:
— Wear resistance (HBW hardness, hardfacing/clad layers, internal linings).
— Strength / stiffness / toughness (YS, UTS, Charpy at −20/−40 °C).
— Weldability & manufacturability (low-hydrogen practice, preheat/interpass/heat input, WPS/PQR).
— Corrosion protection & surface engineering (coatings, hardfacing, ceramic/rubber/PU/metallic composite linings).
2) Standards Matrix (incl. GB, organized by product family)
Wear-resistant & high-strength plates
• GB/T 24186 (NM400/450/500/600; nominal 360–600 HBW).
• EN 10025-6 (S690QL/QL1 quenched & tempered high-strength structural steels).
• ASTM A514 (T-1 type high-strength plate).
• Thick-plate UT: EN 10160 or ASTM A578 (UT class shall not be omitted).
• General requirements: ASTM A6 / EN 10029 (dimensions, shape and quality; flatness classes per standard N/S).
Structural sections & structural tube
• Sections: GB/T 706 (H/I/U/angles), EN 10025, ASTM A36/A572 (as designed).
• Structural hollow sections (HSS): EN 10210 (e.g., S355J2H), ASTM A500.
Mechanical & hydraulic tubes
• Precision/hydraulic seamless or welded cold-worked tubes: EN 10305-1/-2/-4 (E235/E355; delivery +C/+SR/+NBK), GB/T 3639.
• Heavy-wall hollows for machining: EN 10297-1 (E355/E470/20MnV6).
• Bore tolerances per ISO 286 (H8–H10); surface roughness per drawing.
Slurry / tailings / process pipelines
• API 5L / ISO 3183 (PSL2, L245–L415); external coating and internal lining per service (FBE/3LPE, rubber/PU/ceramic/metallic composite).
Cast & high-manganese steels
• ASTM A128 (Hadfield manganese steel castings, Mn13/Mn18 series).
Surface engineering & coatings
• ISO 6158 (engineering chromium plating); ASTM B850 (post-plate dehydrogenation); SAE AMS 2753/2755 (QPQ/FNC).
Welding codes
• ISO 15614-1 / EN 1011 or ASME IX (procedure qualification & guidance).
• Welding consumables and diffusible hydrogen shall conform to low-hydrogen practice.
3) Material Systems & Typical Uses (by component function)
1. Wear plates / composite wear plates
— NM400/450/500 (GB/T 24186); Hardox® 400/450/500 (SSAB trademark, for example only): hoppers, chutes, liners, screens; common thickness 6–50 mm (typical 8–40 mm).
— Hardfaced / bimetal composites (carbon-steel base + Cr₇C₃ or stainless/nickel-based overlays): for extreme abrasion or abrasion + corrosion.
2. High-strength structural plates
— Q460D/E, Q690D/E, EN S690QL/QL1, ASTM A514: truck frames, booms, undercarriage beams, trestle columns, hoist structures; typical thickness 10–80 mm (critical joints may be thicker).
3. High-manganese steel castings
— Mn13/Mn18 (ASTM A128): jaw plates, hammers, impact liners; rely on work-hardening under severe impact.
4. Alloy steel bars / forgings
— 42CrMo / 42CrMo4, 34CrNiMo6, 40Cr: main shafts, drum shafts, pins, gear blanks; supply Q+T; apply induction hardening / carburizing / nitriding as required.
5. Structural tube / hollow sections (HSS)
— EN 10210 S355J2H, ASTM A500: truss frames, walkways, supports; round/square/rectangular sections.
6. Hydraulic systems (cylinders / piping / piston rods)
— Cylinder tubes: EN 10305-1/-2 (E355, +NBK/+SR) or EN 10297-1 (E470/20MnV6) heavy-wall hollows for subsequent honing; H8–H10 bore tolerance.
— Hydraulic piping: EN 10305-4 (E235/E355), optional phosphating or electro-galvanizing; high cleanliness required.
— Piston rods: 42CrMo (Q+T); surface induction hardening + hard chrome / nickel-chrome (ISO 6158) or QPQ; dehydrogenation after plating per ASTM B850.
7. Slurry / tailings / drainage / ventilation pipes
— API 5L / ISO 3183 PSL2 heavy-wall carbon steel with rubber / PU / ceramic / metallic composite linings; elbows preferably ceramic-lined or locally thickened. For large-diameter drainage/ventilation, use welded steel pipe (optionally lined) or FRP/HDPE according to pressure.
4) Sizes, Dimensions & Tolerances (text form)
• Wear plates: thickness 6–50 mm; width up to ~3.2–4.2 m; length up to ~18 m; dimensions & flatness per EN 10029.
• High-strength plates: thickness 10–80 mm (critical joints up to ≥ 120 mm); UT class per EN 10160 / ASTM A578.
• Structural tube / HSS: round OD ~60–1016 mm, WT 4–40 mm; square/rectangular 100–600 mm side depth; tolerances per EN 10210 / ASTM A500.
• Honed cylinder tubes: ID ~40–500 mm, WT 6–50 mm; H8–H10 bore, surface roughness & straightness/ovality per drawing and EN 10305.
• Slurry wear pipes: OD ~159–610 mm, WT 8–40 mm (heavy-wall); loose flanges / grooved couplings; dimensional tolerances per API 5L / ISO 3183.
Note: Ranges indicate capability and common engineering practice; final values per standards and project drawings.
5) Service → Material → Standard (quick selection guide)
• High impact + moderate abrasion (jaw plates / impact liners): Mn13/Mn18 (ASTM A128); leverage work-hardening for impact wear.
• High abrasion + moderate impact (chutes / liners / screens): NM450/500 (GB/T 24186) or Hardox 450/500 for hardness-toughness balance and fabricability.
• Ultra-heavy structures (frames / booms / girders): S690QL/QL1, Q690E, ASTM A514; define minimum service temperature and welding window.
• Slurry / tailings transport: API 5L / ISO 3183 PSL2 (L245–L415) heavy-wall carbon steel + rubber/PU/ceramic lining; elbows/tees are hot-spots—use ceramic-lined or thickened parts.
• Hydraulic cylinders / piping: EN 10305 E355/E470 precision tubes (H8–H10 honed); piston rods 42CrMo + induction hardening + hard chrome / nickel-chrome / QPQ.
• Hydromet / chemical service (corrosive): 316L / 2205 / 2507; for extreme media C-276 / 625 or metallic-clad overlays.
6) Manufacturing & Welding (insert into WPS/PQR/ITP)
• Low-hydrogen system: bake electrodes, control preheat & interpass, limit heat input; for S690-class plates prepare dedicated WPS and verify impact/CTOD.
• Cutting & edge prep: for high-hardness wear plate, prefer plasma/laser cutting with secondary grinding to reduce HAZ embrittlement; temper after cutting where required.
• UT for thick plates / critical joints: plates on receipt to EN 10160 S2/E2 or ASTM A578 Level C; butt welds 100% UT (or RT) with supplementary MT/PT.
• Surface engineering: QPQ/FNC per SAE AMS 2753/2755; hard chrome per ISO 6158 with post-plate ASTM B850 dehydrogenation.
7) Key Performance & Verification Indices
• Mechanical: YS/UTS/elongation; low-temperature Charpy (−20/−40/−60 °C as applicable).
• Wear/surface: HBW hardness (for wear plates); overlay/clad metallography and dilution rate.
• Geometry & bores: cylinder H8–H10 and Ra target; straightness/ovality; HSS dimensional & angular tolerances.
• NDT: plate UT (EN 10160 / ASTM A578); weld UT/RT + MT/PT; bars/forgings 100% UT (Level 2 or better).
• Pressure/seal: each hydraulic pipe/cylinder hydrotested; system leak-tightness and pressure-pulse fatigue per project.
• Documentation: EN 10204 3.1/3.2, full heat/lot traceability; third-party witness (TÜV/SGS/LR/BV) as required.
8) Delivery, Marking & Packaging
• Supply forms: plate cut-parts; rolled/bent fabrications; HSS to cut length; precision tubes (as-drawn/pickled/phosphated/galvanized); honed cylinder tubes; bars/forgings rough/finish-machined.
• Surface protection: rust-preventive oil, VCI paper; protective sleeves for plated items; end caps and cleanliness sealing for honed bores.
• Marking: steel grade, heat/lot, dimensions, UT class, heat-treat condition, hardness/impact class, bore accuracy, coating & dehydrogenation record.
• Transport: segregate thick plates and precision parts to prevent scratching; bars/rods with anti-rolling chocks and end protection.
9) Ordering & Technical Agreement (copy-ready checklist)
1. Component & loading: static/impact/abrasion/temperature/medium/min. service temperature.
2. Grade & standard: e.g., NM450 (GB/T 24186) / Hardox 450; EN 10025-6 S690QL; EN 10305-1 E355; EN 10297-1 E470; API 5L PSL2 L360.
3. Delivery condition: TMCP / N / Q+T / hardness range; cylinder tubes +NBK/+SR; bars Q+T.
4. Dimensions & tolerances: plate t/width/length; pipe OD × WT × L; bore H8–H10; HSS size & length; forging blanks & machining allowances.
5. Performance & acceptance: YS; impact temperature & energy; wear-plate hardness; UT class (EN 10160 or A578); hydro/air leak tests & pulse fatigue (if required).
6. Welding & heat treatment: WPS/PQR system (ISO 15614-1 or ASME IX), preheat/interpass/heat-input limits, consumable grades, PWHT requirements.
7. Surfaces & linings: coating system (zinc-rich epoxy + topcoat / FBE / polyurea, etc.), linings (rubber/PU/ceramic/metal composite), piston-rod plating/dehydrogenation or QPQ.
8. NDT & third-party: plate/bar/weld UT/RT/MT/PT scope and acceptance; TPI hold/witness points.
9. Documents & traceability: MTC 3.1/3.2, heat-treat charts, NDT reports, hardness/impact results, honing & surface-roughness records, plating & dehydrogenation records, packing list.
10) Construction Quality & Risk Control Checklist
• E470 misuse. E470 is for EN 10297-1 mechanical hollows and shall not be ordered as EN 10305 precision tube.
• Wear-plate weld cracking. Caused by missing low-hydrogen practice and inadequate preheat/interpass control; limit heat input and apply hydrogen bake-out/controlled cooling.
• No UT class on thick plates/critical joints. Skipping receipt and post-weld UT/RT creates latent defects.
• Rapid elbow perforation in slurry lines. Omission of ceramic lining or local thickening; elbows/tees require dedicated wear design.
• Piston-rod hydrogen embrittlement. Missing ASTM B850 bake after electroplating.
• Mixed welding codes. Do not mix ASME IX and ISO systems within one project; select one framework and apply end-to-end.
• Low-temperature brittleness. Failure to specify QL/QL1 impact temperature; state explicitly on drawings and in QA.
11) Sample Spec Lines (paste into RFQ/PO)
• Wear liner plate:
“Plate, NM450, t = 12 mm, per GB/T 24186; hardness range per standard; plasma cut with ground edges; weldability notes attached; UT per EN 10160 S1/E1; MTC EN 10204 3.1.”
• High-strength web plate:
“Plate, EN 10025-6 S690QL, t = 30 mm, CVN at −40 °C per standard; UT EN 10160 S2/E2; fabrication WPS per ISO 15614-1 with specified preheat/interpass limits; MTC 3.2 (TPI witnessed).”
• Honed cylinder tube:
"Tube (Honed Cylinder), EN 10305-1 E355, ID 180 mm, WT 20 mm, L 3 m, delivery +NBK, bore tolerance H8, Ra ≤ 0.4 µm; 100% hydrostatic test; cleanliness certificate; MTC 3.1.”
• Main-shaft forging:
“Forged bar, 42CrMo4, dia 180 mm × L 3.5 m, Q+T to specified strength class; 100% UT (Level 2 or better); ends protected; MTC 3.1 plus heat-treat chart.”
• Lined slurry pipe:
“Slurry pipe, API 5L PSL2 L360, OD 406.4 mm × WT 16 mm, length 6 m, rubber/ceramic lining per spec; loose flanges; external FBE; ceramic-lined elbows; NDE per PSL2 + lining QC; MTC 3.1.”
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