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Industries Overview
Equipment for drinking water, water supply, and water storage
1. The production of drinking water.The drinking water treating factory will treat the raw water through a series of processes, to make it achieve the health standard for drinking water, and then lead it into water supply system for the end-users to use.
The water that enters the water treating factory is called raw water, raw water has different sources, including ground water like well water and spring water, surface water like river water, lake water and reservoir water. No matter ground water or surface water, they all contain minerals, metals, chloride, and also contain bacteria and solid impurities (organism and mineral). The ground water commonly has lower oxygen content, and sometimes will contain hydrogen sulfide, reduction sulfite, bacteria, etc.
The raw water requires treatment before it can achieve drinking water standards; the raw water entering the factory is commonly treated with oxidability chemical objects like chlorine and potassium permanganate, to generate the iron and manganese into hydrate to deposit, and these deposit will hurt the pipe wall, in order to eliminate these deposits, flocculate and other particles; in the process of neutralizing the water and deposit the metal ions, particles, activated carbon or detritus/ gravel will be used to carry ultimate filtration, then the water after ultimate filtration will be disinfected by chlorine or hypochlorite. After the series of treating process, the production of clean drinking water achieving the health standards and with low iron, manganese content is completed. These clean water will be supplied to the end-users through the water supply system.
The above production processes show, that in the series of treating processes, the impurities in the water and the chemical substances added, will cause various corrosions to the treating equipments. Practice shows, in the medium environment of water treating process, corrosion will occur to the treating equipments. Commonly, the life span of cast iron, steel and copper alloy is only 20-40 years, and limitation should be given to the water flow speed, chemical components of water. By comparison, stainless steel can have a service life of more than 100 years with no limitation to water flow speed and chemical components of water, thus stainless steel is widely used in water treating, water supply system, reservoir pool and water tank, apart from increasing the life span of the treating equipments, the sanitation conditions of stainless steel equipments are much better than those with other materials.
2. The application of stainless steel in production equipments of drinking water.
The production equipments of drinking water are mainly made of 0Cr18Ni9 and 0Cr17Ni12Mo2; the former is fit for water with 200ppm chloride content, while the latter is fit for water with 1,000ppm chloride content, in low temperature drinking water; it is seldom seen that 0Cr18Ni9 will have part corrosions like the corrosion pitting, crevice corrosion, etc.; the main reason for choosing 0Cr17Ni12Mo2 is to prevent corrosion problems caused by outside environment. In water treatment, more severe corrosive environment might be met, at this point, choose 22%Cr and 25%Cr double phase stainless steel with high strength and resistance to corrosion pitting and stress corrosion. The super austenite stainless steel containing 6% of Mo, like 254SMO、654SMO etc, is mainly used to make the nozzle for jetting chemical drugs.
In the water treating factory, water supply system and indoor water pipes, the metallurgy products that use stainless steel include stainless steel welded pipe, pipe joints, flange, valve and fastening piece, etc. The actual application status is shown in the following Table 1 and Table 2.
Table 1 - The application of stainless steel in water treating factory
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Name of part and equipment
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Material
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Water pool scaleboard, filter, inlet components, slide door, river weir
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0Cr18Ni9
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Filtration web, paddle, fastening piece, pipe, air tube, pipes for sample fetching sensor
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0Cr18Ni9
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Pipes for chemical drug treating, reservoir pool paddle, platform, gap bridge, cover plate
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0Cr18Ni9
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Activated type tower, ozonizer and pipes, rail, pump, valve
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0Cr18Ni9
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Nozzle for chemical drugs
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6%Mo Austenite stainless steel
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Table 2 - The actual application of stainless steel in water supply system
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Application position
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Material
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Remark
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The main pipe and horizontal pipe of new water supply tunnel, No.3 Manhattan Island, America
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0Cr18Ni9，φ1,200mm, all welded pipes 300m
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100 years of life span
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New butterfly valve for water supply, No.3 Manhattan Island, America
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0Cr18Ni9，18 φ1200mm ,Welded pipes and casting butterfly valves
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100 years of life span
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Repairing the underground water supply pipe (channel less distribution), Turin, Italy
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0Cr18Ni9，φ550X1500mm welded pipe
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Water supply pipes with span of 10-480 meters, Japan
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0Cr17Ni12Mo2，φ100-170mm welded pipe
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Water supply pipe with span of 10-480 meters, small pipe bridge at the seashore area, Japan
Japan, water supply stand pipe buried underground |
25% Cr double phase stainless steel（SUS329J2L）φ100-170mm welded pipe ，φ750-1200mm welded pipe ，Mo2 double phase stainless steel welded pipe
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Underground water supply pipe, Kalskoga City, Swiss
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0Cr17Ni12，22% thin sheet lining
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Cross mountain water supply tunnel （φ3,600m）, North Italy,
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0Cr18Ni9，0.6mm thin sheet lining
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No leakage after 6 years of usage
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Connecting pipe between water supply pipe/ secondary line and the water meter of the customers, Japan
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0Cr17Ni12Mo2，φ75-350 welded pipe ，φ50mm, indoor welded pipe
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Reservoir pool, Matsuyama, Japan
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0Cr18Ni9，0Cr17Ni12Mo2 liquid phase SUS329 double phase steel
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Village water tower, Sweden
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0Cr17Ni12Mo2
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