Oil & Gas Transmission Pipelines

Oil & Gas Transmission Pipelines

Oil & Gas Transmission Pipelines
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  • Oil & Gas Transmission Pipelines

Oil & Gas Line PipeGlobal Sourcing for Engineering & Procurement 

 

1. Product Positioning & Scope

Positioning: Steel line pipe and systems for crude oil, refined products, natural gas, associated gas and CO(CCUS) over onshore, offshore and subsea routes. Targets include strength and toughness (with fracture arrest), low-temperature and external-pressure resistance, weldability, and resistance to HS/CO/Cl, aligned with lifecycle integrity management.  

 

2. Standards Matrix (combine design code + product standard + auxiliaries)

Product standards: API 5L (PSL1/PSL2), ISO 3183, GB/T 9711 (CN), CSA Z245.1 (CA), EN ISO 3183 (EU).  

Design codes: ASME B31.4 (liquids), ASME B31.8 (gas), DNV-ST-F101 (offshore/subsea), ISO 13623 (general).  

Coatings & internal lining: CSA Z245.20 (FBE), CSA Z245.21 (3LPE/3LPP), DIN 30670 (3LPE), DIN 30678 (3LPP); internal/flow coatings per project specs.  

Sour service: NACE MR0175/ISO 15156; HIC per TM0284 and SSC per TM0177 as required.  

Fittings: MSS SP-75 (WPHY), ASME B16.5/B16.47 (flanges), API 6D (pipeline valves).  

COpipelines: ISO 27913.  

 

3. ScenarioMaterialStandardSize Mapping

Sweet dry gas or dehydrated liquids: API 5L PSL2 X52X70 (HFW/SAWL/seamless), 3LPE or 3LPP plus CP; optional internal flow coat. Typical ODs 1/2 in to 56 in; DRL 1113 m; SAWL up to 18 m.

Moderate sour (HS/COwith moderate chlorides): PSL2 X52/X60 with HIC/SSC and hardness control (BM/WM/HAZ typically 250 HV10); internal coating or local CRA lining at hot spots.  

Severe sour/deepwater/high chlorides: CS substrate with CRA (316L/2205/625) lined/clad or full CRA; comply with DNV-ST-F101 for external pressure, stability and fracture control; 3LPP or insulation plus CWC. 

Long-distance high-pressure gas (fracture arrest): PSL2 X65X80 with CVN/DWTT at service Tmin; crack arrestors/heavy-wall sections and full-scale validation as required.  

High-temperature station tie-ins: A335 P22/P91 or 625 overlay/liner; out of API 5L scope.  

Water injection/seawater/firewater: duplex 2205/2507 or Cu-Ni with B16.5/B16.47 and offshore specs; not API 5L scope.  

CO(dry/wet, near-critical): PSL2 X65X70 with ISO 27913; wet COtends to CRA lining/cladding; ensure brittle-fracture and crack-propagation control.  

Process selection note: HFW/SAWL/seamless commonly used for high-pressure/HCA; SAWH subject to Operators spec for moderate/low-pressure duties.  

 

4. Dimensions & Tolerances (typical capability)

OD: ~1/2 in to 56 in (some onshore/subsea mains to ~60 in). Lengths: SRL 57 m, DRL 1113 m; SAWL UOE/JCOE up to 18 m.  

Wall thickness: governed by design and D/t; typical 340 mm; thicker for subsea external-pressure segments. Ends: bevel or plain; HFW/SAW may be mechanically expanded.  

Key tolerances: OD ≈ ±0.5%·D; minimum WT commonly 87.5%·t; ovality/straightness/end-squareness and weld hi-lo/reinforcement per API 5L/PO; maintain ID smoothness for piggability.  

 

5. Manufacturing & Critical Controls

Steelmaking & chemistry: BOF/EAF LF/VD/VOD; low S/P, inclusion control (Ca treatment), micro-alloying (Nb/V/Ti).  

Rolling & base material: TMCP or Q+T; coils for HFW/SAWH; plates for SAWL.  

Pipe making: seamless (pierce/extrusion + sizing), HFW, SAWL (UOE/JCOE), SAWH; consumables and heat input traceable.  

Heat treatment & sizing: N/N+T/Q+T; HFW seam normalizing; expansion/sizing/straightening to control roundness and residual stress.  

External coating & internal lining: FBE, 3LPE, 3LPP; field-joint coating compatibility; subsea ARO/CWC and thermal insulation; internal flow epoxy or CRA lined/clad/overlay per ITP.  

 

6. Inspection & Documentation

PSL2 verification: chemistry/mechanics/geometry, CVN and DWTT where specified; 100% weld UT (RT/DR/AUT as per spec); hydrotest each or per code.  

Sour-service set: HIC/SSC, hardness and metallography; batch traceability for welding consumables/flux. Offshore/HCA may require CTOD and full-scale collapse/buckle/burst tests.  

Deliverables: EN 10204 3.1/3.2 MTC; NDE/hydro/toughness/sour/coating reports; heat/weld traceability; 3rd-party or class witnessing as required.  

 

7. Supply Forms & Packing

Forms: seamless, HFW, SAWL, SAWH; CRA lined/clad; MSS SP-75 fittings; ASME B16.5/B16.47 flanges; induction bends, tees, reducers, insulating joints.  

Packing & marking: end caps; rust-preventive oil or factory coating; matched FJC kits for subsea; marking and barcode/QR with grade, PSL, size, length, heat/weld IDs, expansion rate, inspection status and coating system.  

 

8. RFQ/PO Checklist (contract-ready)

1. Design code + product standard, e.g., ASME B31.8 + API 5L/ISO 3183; subsea: DNV-ST-F101 + API 5L.

2. Grade & PSL, e.g., API 5L PSL2 X65 SAWL (UOE):; define CVN temp/targets and DWTT (temp, shear, energy).

3. Service & corrosion: HS/COpartial pressures, Cl, water content, pH, P/T, design life; sour requirement (MR0175/ISO 15156) and hardness limit.

4. Manufacture & geometry: process (seamless/HFW/SAWL/SAWH), expansion ratio, bevel, length (SRL/DRL/18 m), D/t & ovality.

5. Coating/lining: FBE/3LPE/3LPP (total/adhesive/top), ARO/CWC/insulation, FJC system & QC; CRA lining/cladding/overlay thickness and locations.

6. Testing: 100% weld UT (RT/DR/AUT as specified), geometry, hydro; sour HIC/SSC; subsea CTOD/full-scale/external pressure.

7. Fittings/valves: MSS SP-75 class, ASME B16.5/B16.47, API 6D valves.

8. Documentation & witness: MTC 3.1/3.2; NDE/hydro/toughness/sour/coating reports; 3rd-party/class witness.

9. Construction constraints: WPS/PQR, preheat/interpass, PWHT; field bend limit; pigging & drying (dew point); lifting/transport protection.  

 

9. Quick Selection Guide

Gas trunklines: PSL2 X65X70 with CVN/DWTT at Tmin; process HFW/SAWL/seamless; 3LPE/3LPP external.  

Sour crude/wet gas: PSL2 X52/X60 with HIC/SSC; hardness ~250 HV10; internal coating or CRA lining at hot spots.  

Deepwater flowlines: CS + 316L/2205/625 lined/clad; DNV-ST-F101 checks for external pressure, buckle and fracture; 3LPP + ARO or CWC.  

CO(CCUS): PSL2 X65X70 per ISO 27913; wet COfavors CRA lining/cladding; ensure brittle-fracture and crack-propagation control.  

 

10. Procurement, Construction & O&M Risk Notes

Using PSL1 for trunklines that require PSL2; applying lines without CVN/DWTT to high-pressure gas; skipping HIC/SSC or hardness control for sour service; incompatible FJC with factory coating; using A106/A333 as API 5L linepipe; adopting SAWH in HCA without dedicated compliance and fracture assessment. Treat these as no-goor warnings.  

 

11. Example Spec Lines (copy-ready)

Onshore gas trunkline:

API 5L PSL2 X70 SAWL (UOE), OD 36 in × WT 0.750 in × L 12 m; CVN (BM/WM/HAZ) 60 J @ 20 °C; DWTT 85% shear @ 10 °C; 100% AUT; 3LPE total 2.5 mm; hydro each; MTC 3.2 (3rd-party).  

Sour crude line:

API 5L PSL2 X60 HFW, OD 20 in × WT 0.500 in; sour service: hardness 250 HV10 (BM/WM/HAZ); HIC/SSC per TM0284/TM0177; external FBE 400 μm; 100% UT + spot RT; MTC 3.2.  

Deepwater flowline:

CS + CRA lined (316L 2.5 mm), API 5L PSL2 X65 SAWL, OD 12.75 in × WT 1.0 in; DNV-ST-F101 MPS/CTOD; 3LPP + ARO, CWC where needed; qualified FJC; full-scale collapse/fracture tests; MTC 3.2 (DNV witnessed).  

COpipeline (CCUS):

API 5L PSL2 X65 SAWL, OD 24 in × WT 0.625 in; ISO 27913; CVN/DWTT as per RFQ; 3LPE; CP & insulating joints; MTC 3.1/3.2.  

 

12. Representative Global Producers (examples, A-Z)

Europe: EUROPIPE, Salzgitter Mannesmann Line Pipe, Corinth Pipeworks, Borusan Mannesmann, Vallourec (seamless/OCTG/linepipe), EEW (large LSAW).

North America: Tenaris, Berg Pipe (LSAW), Welspun USA (SAW).

Japan: Nippon Steel, JFE Steel.

Korea: POSCO, Hyundai Steel.

China: TPCO (seamless/linepipe), Baowu/Baosteel (plate/SAW/stainless), Ansteel, PCK, Hengyang Valin, Shougang Jingtang.

India: Jindal SAW, Welspun Corp, Maharashtra Seamless, ISMT, Man Industries.

Note: Ranges in manufacturing routes (seamless/HFW/SAWL/SAWH/CRA/clad), grade coverage, subsea qualifications and 3rd-party certifications vary by mill; request latest capability and approvals in the RFQ.  

 

 

 

Oil & Gas Line PipeTechnical Specifications 

 

1. Definition and scope

Steel line pipe and systems for crude oil, products, natural gas, wet gas, CO(CCUS), onshore and subsea long-distance transportation.

Targets: strength and toughness (incl. fracture arrest), low-temperature/external-pressure resistance, weldability and corrosion resistance (HS/CO/Cl) under lifecycle integrity.

 

2. Standards and codes matrix

Product: API 5L PSL1/PSL2; ISO 3183; GB/T 9711 (CN); CSA Z245.1 (CA); EN ISO 3183 (EU).

Design: ASME B31.4 (liquids), ASME B31.8 (gas), DNV-ST-F101 (offshore/subsea), ISO 13623 (generic).

Coating: CSA Z245.20 (FBE), Z245.21 (3LPE/3LPP); DIN 30670/30678; project specs for internal/flow coatings.

Sour: NACE MR0175/ISO 15156; HIC (TM0284)/SSC (TM0177) when required.

Fittings/valves: MSS SP-75 (WPHY), ASME B16.5/B16.47 (flanges), API 6D (pipeline valves).

COpipelines: ISO 27913 as applicable.

 

3. Materials and grades

Carbon-manganese linepipe steels: API 5L/ISO 3183/GB/T 9711 B (L245), X42 (L290), X46 (L320), X52 (L360), X56 (L390), X60 (L415), X65 (L450), X70 (L485), X80 (L555). X100/X120 require specific qualification and fracture control.

CRA family: 316L (A312), duplex 2205/2507 (A790/A789), Alloy 625 (B444), 825 (B423), C-276, titanium for special seawater/sour extremes or linings/overlays.

Lined/clad/overlay: explosion/hot-roll clad plates, mechanically lined pipe (MLP), internal weld overlay (e.g., 625/825).

High-temp station spools: A335 P11/P22/P91 for station/plant piping only.

 

4. Dimensions, ends and tolerances (typical capability)

OD: 1/2″–56(to ~60for some subsea/onshore mains).

WT: governed by design and D/t; typical 340 mm, thicker for subsea/ext. pressure.

Lengths: SRL 57 m, DRL 1113 m, LSAW/UOE up to 18 m.

Ends: standard bevel (~30° with ~1.6 mm land) or plain ends; HFW/SAW pipes may be mechanically expanded.

Key tolerances: OD ≈ ±0.5%·D typical; minimum WT commonly 87.5%·t; ovality/straightness/end-squareness, weld hi-lo/ reinforcement per API 5L/PO; ID smoothness for piggability.

 

5. Manufacturing routes and control

Steelmaking: BOF/EAF LF/VD/VOD; low S/P, inclusion control (Ca treatment), micro-alloying Nb/V/Ti.

Rolling: TMCP/controlled rolling/cooling or Q+T; coils (HFW/SAWH) and plates (SAWL).

Pipe making: seamless (pierce-roll/extrusion + cold sizing), HFW, SAWL (UOE/JCOE SAW), SAWH (helical SAW); consumables and heat input traceable.

Heat treatment & sizing: N/N+T/Q+T; HFW seam normalizing; expansion/sizing/straightening.

External coating: FBE, 3LPE, 3LPP; field joint coating compatible; subsea ARO/concrete weight coating (CWC) and thermal insulation as needed.

Internal: flow epoxy/CRA lining/cladding/overlay per ITP.

 

6. Key properties and qualification

Mechanical: SMYS/SMTS/elongation; flattening/bending; geometry.

Toughness & fracture control: CVN at specified temperature (base/WM/HAZ); DWTT for large-diameter gas/low-temp lines; CTOD/full-scale as required (offshore/HCA).

Sour: hardness limits (base/WM/HAZ typically ~250 HV10), HIC/SSC compliance; inclusion cleanness.

Hydrotest/NDE: hydro per code/PO; 100% weld UT (RT/DR/AUT as specified); acceptance per API 5L/ISO 3183 and project.

 

7. Servicematerialstandard quick mapping (contract-ready)

Sweet dry gas/dehydrated liquids: API 5L PSL2 X52X70 (HFW/SAWL/seamless); external 3LPE/3LPP + CP; optional internal flow coat.

Moderate sour (HS/CO+ moderate Cl): PSL2 X52/X60 with HIC/SSC; hardness/inclusion control; local CRA lining/overlay or internal coating at hot spots.

Severe sour / deepwater / high chlorides: CS substrate + CRA (316L/2205/625) lined/clad; DNV-ST-F101 external pressure/stability/fracture control; 3LPP or insulation + CWC.

Long-distance high-pressure gas (fracture arrest): PSL2 X65X80 with CVN/DWTT at service Tmin; crack arrestors/heavy-wall sections and full-scale validation as required.

Station high-temp tie-ins: A335 P22/P91 or 625 overlay/liner; out of API 5L scope.

Water injection/seawater/firewater: duplex 2205/2507 or Cu-Ni per service; not API 5L scope.

COpipelines (dry/wet, near- or supercritical): PSL2 X65X70 with ISO 27913; prefer CRA lining for wet CO; fracture and brittle-fracture control mandatory.

Process selection: HFW/SAWL/seamless commonly used for high-pressure/HCA; SAWH subject to operator spec and commonly for moderate/low-pressure duties.

 

8. QA/QC & integrity

PSL2 verification: chemistry/mechanics/CVN, DWTT where specified, geometry/appearance, 100% weld UT (RT/DR/AUT as specified), hydrotest.

Sour: HIC/SSC, hardness, metallography; batch traceability of consumables/flux.

Subsea/HCA: CTOD/full-scale tests, collapse/buckle/external-pressure, installation strain; qualified FJC; coating/insulation/CWC qualification.

Deliverables: EN 10204 3.1/3.2 MTC; NDE/hydro/toughness/sour/coating reports; heat/batch traceability; 3rd-party witnessing where required.

 

9. Delivery, marking and packing

Forms: seamless/HFW/SAWL/SAWH, CRA lined/clad, SP-75 fittings, B16.5/B16.47 flanges, induction bends, tees, reducers, insulating joints.

Protection: end caps; rust-preventive oil or external coating; matched FJC kits for subsea.

Marking: grade/PSL/size/length, heat & weld IDs, expansion rate, inspection status, coating system; barcode/QR for traceability.

 

10. RFQ/PO checklist (ready-to-use)

11. Design code + product standard: e.g., ASME B31.8 + API 5L/ISO 3183; subsea: DNV-ST-F101 + API 5L.

12. Grade & PSL: e.g., API 5L PSL2 X65 SAWL (UOE); CVN temperature/targets; DWTT (temp/shear/energy).

13. Service & corrosion: HS/COpartial pressures, Cl, water, pH, P/T, design life; sour (MR0175/ISO 15156) and hardness limit.

14. Manufacture & geometry: process (seamless/HFW/SAWL/SAWH), expansion ratio, bevel details, length (SRL/DRL/18 m), D/t & ovality.

15. Coating/lining: FBE/3LPE/3LPP (total/adhesive/top), ARO/CWC/insulation, FJC system & QC; CRA lining/cladding/overlay thickness and locations.

16. Testing: 100% weld UT (RT/DR/AUT per spec), geometry, hydro; sour HIC/SSC; subsea CTOD/full-scale/external pressure.

17. Fittings/valves: MSS SP-75 class, B16.5/B16.47 pressure class, API 6D valves.

18. Documentation & witness: MTC 3.1/3.2, NDE/hydro/toughness/sour/coating reports; 3rd-party/class witness.

19. Construction constraints: WPS/PQR, preheat/interpass, PWHT; field bend limits; pigging & drying (dew point); lifting/transport protection.

20. Construction & installation risk control

 

Welding: low-hydrogen, interpass/heat-input control; hardness for sour; AUT/RT/UT coverage by class/spec.

Geometry & cleanliness: hi-lo/internal bead, ovality; pigging; debris control.

FJC/coatings: parameters/heat cycles/holiday tests; CWC end handling.

Hydrotest & drying: hold-time/criteria; dry-out to specified dew point; intelligent pig runs before commissioning.

Integrity: fracture arrest (thick-wall/arrestors), CP and insulating joints, strain monitoring in geohazard/ seismic sections.

 

12. No-go list

PSL1 used where PSL2 is mandatory.

No CVN/DWTT at service Tmin for high-pressure gas.

Sour lines without HIC/SSC or hardness control.

Unqualified SAWH in HCA high-pressure gas.

Incompatible FJC with parent coating.

Substituting A106/A333 for API 5L mainline.

 

13. Global clusters and indicative mills (alphabetical; verify approvals)

Europe: EUROPIPE (DE), Salzgitter Mannesmann Line Pipe (DE), Corinth Pipeworks (GR), Borusan Mannesmann (TR), Vallourec (FR/BR), EEW Group (DE, large LSAW).

North America: Tenaris (US/MX/AR), Berg Pipe (US, LSAW), Welspun USA (US, SAW).

Japan: Nippon Steel, JFE Steel.

Korea: POSCO, Hyundai Steel.

China: TPCO (seamless), Baowu/Baosteel (plate/SAW/stainless), Ansteel, PCK, Hengyang Valin, Shougang Jingtang.

India: Jindal SAW, Welspun Corp, Maharashtra Seamless, ISMT, Man Industries.

 

14. Example spec lines

Onshore gas trunkline:

API 5L PSL2 X70 SAWL (UOE), OD 36 in × WT 0.750 in × L 12 m; CVN (BM/WM/HAZ) 60 J @ 20 °C; DWTT 85% shear @ 10 °C; 100% AUT; 3LPE total 2.5 mm; hydro each; MTC 3.2 (3rd-party).

Sour crude line:

API 5L PSL2 X60 HFW, OD 20 in × WT 0.500 in; Sour service: hardness 250 HV10 (BM/WM/HAZ); HIC/SSC per TM0284/TM0177; external FBE 400 μm; 100% UT + spot RT; MTC 3.2.

Deepwater flowline:

CS + CRA lined (316L 2.5 mm), API 5L PSL2 X65 SAWL, OD 12.75 in × WT 1.0 in; DNV-ST-F101 MPS/CTOD; 3LPP + ARO, CWC where needed; qualified FJC; full-scale collapse/fracture tests; MTC 3.2 (DNV witnessed).

COpipeline (CCUS):

API 5L PSL2 X65 SAWL, OD 24 in × WT 0.625 in; ISO 27913; CVN/DWTT as per RFQ; 3LPE; CP & insulating joints; MTC 3.1/3.2.

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Tsisco Industrial Ltd.
Tsisco Industrial Ltd.