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Titanium Materials
Titanium Materials
Titanium Materials｜Global Sourcing for Engineering & Procurement
1. Product Positioning and Application Scope
• Forms covered: Plate and coil (ASTM B265), bars and billets (ASTM B348), seamless and heat-exchanger tubing (ASTM B338, ASTM B861), welded pipe (ASTM B862), butt-welded fittings (ASTM B363), forgings (ASTM B381), welding wire and wire rod (ASTM B863), Ti-steel clad plate (explosive or roll-bonded per project specification).
• Common grades: CP titanium Grades 1–4; alloys Grade 5 (Ti-6Al-4V), Grade 23 (ELI), Grades 7 and 16 (Pd-modified for oxidizing media), Grade 9 (Ti-3Al-2.5V for thin-wall tubing), Grade 12 (Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni for crevice/sea-water resistance), and other engineering grades on request.
• Typical industries: Seawater and brine systems, offshore and offshore wind, chemical and chlor-alkali, pulp & paper bleaching, power plant condensers and exchangers, salt chemistry and wet-chlorine services, pharmaceutical and food (media-side components), aerospace structures and thermal parts, medical devices and implants (if required per ASTM F67, ASTM F136 or ISO 5832 series).
• Boundary note: Typical long-term service temperature for titanium is ≤ about 315 °C subject to grade and environment; strongly reducing acids and severe crevice conditions require dedicated compatibility checks.
2. Standards Matrix (for ordering and acceptance)
• ASTM/ASME: ASTM B265 (plate/coil), ASTM B348 (bars/billets), ASTM B338 (tubes for condensers/heat exchangers), ASTM B861 (general seamless pipe), ASTM B862 (general welded pipe), ASTM B363 (butt-welded fittings), ASTM B381 (forgings), ASTM B863 (wire/welding wire). ASME counterparts carry the “SB-” prefix. Note: ASTM B337 has been replaced by B861/B862.
• International/European: EN 10204 (3.1/3.2 certificates), PED 2014/68/EU (when used in pressure equipment), NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 (sour-service statement as applicable), ISO 5832 (medical), and project-specific AMS or client specifications as required.
• Japanese (by agreement): JIS H 4600 (sheet/strip/plate), JIS H 4601 (bars and wire). For tubing, use ASTM B338/B861/B862.
3. Scenario–Material–Standard–Size Mapping (buyer shortcut)
1. Seawater cooling and offshore circulation
• Materials: Grade 2 or Grade 12; for highly oxidizing spots or disinfectant-rich zones use Grade 7 or Grade 16.
• Standards & forms: ASTM B338 for exchanger tubes; ASTM B861/B862 for general pipe; ASTM B363 for fittings; ASTM B381 for flanges/rings.
• Typical sizes: B338 tubes OD 12.7–25.4 mm, WT 0.5–2.0 mm, length 6–12 m; general pipe up to OD 21.3–610 mm (project-specific).
2. Chemical, chlor-alkali, wet chlorine and chlorine-dioxide services
• Materials: Grade 7 (Ti-0.15Pd), Grade 16 (Ti-0.05Pd); Grade 12 for cost-effective options.
• Standards & forms: B265 plates/coils; B338 tubes; B863 filler/wire.
• Typical sizes: Plates 2–25 mm thick, 1000–2000 mm wide; tubes OD 12.7–38.1 mm.
3. Power plant condensers and heat exchangers
• Materials: Grade 2, Grade 12; upgrade to Grade 7/16 for specific corrosion zones.
• Standards & forms: B338 tubes; B363/B381 for nozzles, headers and manifolds.
• Typical sizes: OD 12.7–25.4 mm, WT 0.5–1.65 mm, U-bend or straight, length 6–18 m (per unit design).
4. Thin-wall high-pressure and instrument tubing
• Materials: Grade 9 (Ti-3Al-2.5V).
• Standards & forms: ASTM B338, ASTM B861.
• Typical sizes: OD 6–25 mm, WT 0.5–2.0 mm.
5. High-strength lightweight structures and fastener blanks
• Materials: Grade 5 (Ti-6Al-4V), Grade 23 (ELI).
• Standards & forms: B348 bars, B381 forgings; near-net-shape forgings per drawing.
• Typical sizes: Bars Ø 8–200 mm; forgings per drawing.
6. Media-side hygienic components in pharma/food
• Materials: Grade 2, Grade 12; polishing or electropolishing as required.
• Standards & forms: B265 plates/coils; B338 tubes; documentation per client hygiene protocols.
7. Medical and implant (when applicable)
• Materials: Grade 4, Grade 23 (ELI).
• Standards & forms: ASTM F67, ASTM F136, ISO 5832 series; surface and purity per medical requirements.
• Typical sizes: Bars Ø 6–60 mm common.
4. Size Range and Tolerances (per standards)
• Plate/coil (ASTM B265): Thickness 0.5–60 mm (heavier via forging/rolling), width 1000–2000 mm, length 2–12 m; dimensional/flatness per B265.
• Bars (ASTM B348): Ø 6–300 mm, length 2–6 m; dimensions/straightness per B348.
• Exchanger/Condenser tubes (ASTM B338): OD 12–38 mm, WT 0.5–2.0 mm, length 6–18 m; OD/WT/ovality/straightness per B338.
• General seamless/welded pipe (ASTM B861/B862): OD 21.3–610 mm, length 6–12 m; tolerances per respective clauses.
• Fittings/forgings (ASTM B363/B381): Dimensions per drawing or ASME B16.9/B16.5 geometry; NDE and tolerances per standards/order.
• Wire/welding wire (ASTM B863): Ø 1.2–4.0 mm typical; chemistry, mechanicals and tolerances per B863.
5. Manufacturing Flow and Key Controls
• Melting: VAR or VIM+VAR for industrial grades; medical/aerospace per client route.
• Deformation/heat treatment: Hot-rolled/forged → solution or recrystallization anneal → pickling/passivation; strict control of O/N/H for Grades 5/23.
• Welding/forming: Inert-gas shielding; control of cleanliness and hydrogen pickup; thin-wall bends within thinning/ovality windows.
• Surface/cleanliness: Remove free iron/contamination; critical exchanger IDs available with low-roughness and cleanliness reports.
6. Quality Verification and Documentation
• Chemistry and gas elements: Verify O/N/H per grade limits.
• Mechanical properties: YS/UTS/Elongation/Hardness; optional low-temperature or creep testing.
• NDE: Hydro or pneumatic testing of each tube; helium leak as required; UT on forgings/rings.
• Corrosion/compatibility: Added per project (e.g., actual seawater chemistry); supply ID cleanliness data if required.
• Documents: EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2 CMTRs, heat-treat charts, NDE reports, PED/NACE statements as applicable.
7. Supply Forms and Packaging
• Forms: Plates/coils, bars and rings, seamless/welded pipes, exchanger U-tubes, butt-welded fittings, near-net forgings, welding wire.
• Packaging: End caps, moisture protection and desiccants, scratch-free separation; segregate from carbon steel to avoid galvanic issues/contamination.
• Marking: Grade, condition, size, heat/lot, net weight, standard/edition, and traceable QR code if needed.
8. Ordering Checklist (ready to copy)
1. Standards/editions, e.g., “ASTM B338-2024”, “ASTM B265-2023”.
2. Grades/condition, e.g., “Grade 2 Annealed”, ”Grade 7 Annealed”, “Grade 5 Annealed”, “Grade 23 ELI”.
3. Form/size: Pipe “OD × WT × Length”, Plate “Thickness × Width × Length”; state tolerance class.
4. Tests: Hydro/pneumatic/helium coverage, UT share, gas elements and cleanliness.
5. Service data: Cl⁻, oxidizers, temperature, velocity, allowable ΔP and design life.
6. Docs/witness: EN 10204 3.1/3.2, TPI as needed, PED/NACE statements.
7. Surface/pack: ID/OD condition, roughness target, unit/pallet packing and transport limits.
9. Grade Selection Guide (quick path)
• Seawater/brine: Grade 2 or Grade 12; upgrade to Grade 7/16 at oxidizing hotspots.
• Strong oxidizing chemicals (wet chlorine/ClO₂): Prefer Grade 7/16.
• Thin-wall forming/high-pressure: Grade 9.
• High strength/lightweight: Grade 5; higher toughness use Grade 23 (ELI).
• Exchangers/condensers: B338 tubing in Grade 2/12.
• Medical/implant: Order to ASTM F67, ASTM F136 or ISO 5832 as specified.
10. Procurement, Installation and O&M Risk Notes
• Standard misuse: Do not order to obsolete ASTM B337; use B861/B862 for general pipe.
• Galvanic corrosion: Insulating kits and CP coordination at Ti–CS/Cu joints; avoid crevices and stagnant zones.
• Crevice control: Gasket details, supports and fouling-prone areas must be designed and maintained to eliminate crevices.
• Hydrogen pickup: Control pickling/welding practice; deliver within grade H-content limits.
• Temperature envelope: Evaluate long-term limits per grade; dry chlorine at elevated temperature and similar media require caution.
11. Representative Line Items (copy-ready)
• Exchanger straight tubes:
“Tube, ASTM B338, Grade 2, OD 19.05 mm × WT 1.24 mm × L 9.14 m, annealed; hydro or pneumatic test each; ID/OD cleanliness records; EN 10204 3.1 CMTR.”
• Condenser U-tubes:
“U-Tube, ASTM B338, Grade 12, OD 25.4 mm × WT 1.65 mm, annealed; bend thinning/ovality per drawing; brush-clean and cap both ends; CMTR 3.1.”
• Seawater branch flanges/rings:
“Forgings, ASTM B381, Grade 7, flange blanks and rings per drawing; 100% UT; pickled and passivated; EN 10204 3.1.”
• Chemical column internals (plate):
“Plate, ASTM B265, Grade 16, 6 mm × 1500 mm × 6000 mm; annealed + pickled; flatness per B265; CMTR 3.1.”
• Thin-wall instrument tubing:
“Tube, ASTM B338, Grade 9, OD 12 mm × WT 1.0 mm × L 6 m; annealed; OD/WT tolerances per B338; pneumatic test each; CMTR 3.1.”
12. Representative Global Producers (alphabetical, examples)
• Alleima (titanium heat-exchanger tubing).
• ATI (plate, bar and tubular titanium).
• BAOTI Group (plate, bar, tube and forgings).
• Fine Tubes / Superior Tube (AMETEK; precision Ti tubing).
• Kobe Steel (titanium products and tubing).
• Nippon Steel Titanium (sheet/coil and surface-engineered Ti).
• Perryman Company (bar/rod and wire).
• TIMET (Titanium Metals Corp.; plate, bar, tube and forgings).
• Western Superconducting / Western Metal Materials (bars, forgings and tubes).
Note: Melting route, size capability and QA windows vary by producer; orders follow mill datasheets and contract terms. Certain grades/regions may be subject to export controls and compliance requirements.
Titanium Materials (Tubes, Plates, Fittings & Flanges) ｜Technical Specifications
1) Definition & Scope
Titanium includes CP-Ti and titanium alloys (α/near-α/α+β/β).
Supply forms: tubes/pipes, sheets/plates/coils, bars/wires/forgings, fittings & flanges.
Industries: seawater/brine, chemical process (corrosive media), power condensing & HX, aerospace, medical & ultra-clean systems.
2) Standards (incl. China GB; grouped by product)
• Tubes/Pipes: ASTM B338 (HX/condenser tubing), ASTM B861 (seamless pipe), ASTM B862 (welded pipe), GB/T 3624 (seamless), GB/T 3625 (cold-worked or welded-rolled tubes).
• Sheets/Plates: ASTM B265 / ASME SB265, GB/T 3621.
• Bars/Wires/Forgings: ASTM B348 (bars/billets), ASTM B863 (wire), ASTM B381 (forgings).
• Fittings/Flanges: ASTM B363 (BW fittings), ASME B16.9/B16.5/B16.47 (geometry & ratings; material per B381).
• Medical/Aerospace (if applicable): ASTM F67 / F136, ISO 5832-2/-3/-11; welding per AWS D17.1 / ISO 15614-5.
• MTC: EN 10204 3.1/3.2; add PED/ASME/Classification Society clauses if required.
3) Grades & UNS (key traits)
• CP-Ti: Gr.1 (R50250) best formability; Gr.2 (R50400) balanced & common; Gr.3/Gr.4 higher strength.
• Pd-bearing corrosion-resistant: Gr.7/Gr.11/Gr.16/Gr.17 for improved crevice/reducing media resistance.
• Elevated temperature/reducing brines: Gr.12 (R53400) outperforms Gr.2.
• α+β structural: Gr.5 (R56400), Gr.23 ELI (R56401); thin-wall aerospace tubing Gr.9 (R56320).
• Temperature guidance: CP-Ti ~≤315 °C; Gr.5/Gr.9 ~≤400 °C unless special near-α alloys are justified.
4) Dimensions & Tolerances (use code limits; typical envelopes)
• B338 tubing: OD 6–38 mm, WT 0.5–2.0 mm, L 3–12 m; OD/WT/straightness/ovality per B338.
• B861/B862 pipes: OD 25–610 mm, WT 2–25 mm, L 6–12 m; tolerances per B861/B862.
• B265/GB 3621 plates: t 0.5–60 mm, W ≤2000 mm, L ≤6000–12000 mm; thickness/flatness per code.
• B348 bars: dia 6–400 mm, L 2–6 m; straightness/ovality per code.
• B381 forgings: rings/disks/shafts & flange blanks; UT level per PO.
• U-bends: geometry R, a, lg, Smin, flattening/ thinning per TEMA RCB-2.31.
5) Manufacturing & KCP
VAR/EB → forging → inspection → defect removal →
Seamless: hot pierce/extrude → cold pilger/draw with inter-anneal → size/straighten.
Welded: coil-form → GTAW/laser (full inert shielding) → PWHT/anneal → size/straighten.
Sheets/plates: hot-roll → (cold-roll) → anneal → remove scale & alpha-case → level/trim.
Fittings/flanges: free/die forging or ring-rolling → HT (N/T/Q+T or solution) → machining → NDE.
Cleaning: controlled HNO₃–HF pickling window; de-hydrogenation/stress-relief as needed.
Welding: back-purge, cleanliness, heat-input/interpass control, color acceptance (silver/straw OK; blue/black NG).
Contamination control: segregated tooling/media.
Machining safety: Class-D extinguishers; manage fines/chips as combustible metal.
6) QA/QC (ITP outline)
Chemistry + O/N/H; macro & UT on ingots/billets; mechanicals (tension/hardness, impact/creep if required); dimensional & geometry;
NDE: B338 ECT/UT, B861/B862 full-length UT/ECT, B381 100% UT (≥Level II recommended);
Pressure tests: hydro/pneumatic per code/drawing;
Surface & alpha-case removal records;
Docs: EN 10204 3.1/3.2, HT charts, NDE/pressure, PMI, WPS/PQR, cleaning & color logs; third-party (TÜV/SGS/LR/BV/DNV) on demand.
7) Quick Service-to-Grade Mapping
Seawater/brine HX & CW: Gr.2 (economic) or Gr.16/Gr.7 where crevice/CP risks exist.
Hot brine/reducing media: Gr.12.
Strong oxidizers (HNO₃): Gr.2/Gr.7.
Structural & lightweight: Gr.5, Gr.23 for low-interstitial/medical.
Thin-wall aero tubing: Gr.9.
Not recommended: HF/strongly reducing fluorides, dry chlorine at elevated T.
8) Construction & Risk Controls
Galvanic isolation vs. Cu/CS in seawater (insulating gaskets/sleeves & supports);
Gasket choice: PTFE-based, avoid bare graphite contact;
Post-weld: thorough rinse/dry; de-hydrogenation/stress-relief as required;
Weld color acceptance: silver/straw accept; blue/black reject;
Cleanliness: oil-free/particle-controlled for HX/UHP/medical;
Cathodic protection potential control to limit H-uptake;
Fire safety in machining: Class-D extinguishers;
Packaging: chloride-free materials, end caps + desiccant, maritime salt-spray protection.
9) RFQ/PO Checklist
Standard + grade (e.g., ASTM B338 Gr.2, ASTM B861 Gr.12, ASTM B363 WP-Gr.2, ASTM B381 F-Gr.2);
Size & tolerances (tube OD × WT × L, plate t × W × L; straightness/ovality/flatness class);
Supply & inner surface (AP/BA/EP);
Exams & docs (hydro/air-leak, ECT/UT/RT, PMI, alpha-case records, EN 10204 3.1/3.2, 3rd-party);
Welding & assembly (WPS/PQR, back-purge, color acceptance);
Service data (Cl⁻/pH, T/P, corrosion allowance/allowable rate, design life);
Packaging & ID (caps/desiccant/film, barcode/traceability, handling & marine protection).
10) Major Global Producers & Processors (illustrative; verify scope & certs)
Integrated melt/ingot/plate-bar: ATI Specialty Alloys & Components (US), BAOTI (CN), Howmet Aerospace / Arconic-RTI (US, forgings/rings), KOBE STEEL (JP), NIPPON STEEL (JP, TranTixxii sheets), Osaka Titanium Technologies (JP), TIMET (US, PCC group), Toho Titanium (JP), UKTMP (KZ), VSMPO-AVISMA (RU), Western Superconducting Technologies (CN).
Tubes/HX tubing (some multi-alloy portfolios): Alleima (SE, ex-Sandvik), BAOTI (CN), Fine Tubes (UK)/Superior Tube (US), KOBELCO (JP), TIMET (US, limited).
Forgings/rings (incl. aerospace): Aubert & Duval (FR), Galperti / Melesi / Metalfar / Forgital (IT), Howmet Aerospace (US), VSMPO-AVISMA (RU), ULMA Forged Solutions (ES), Dingxiang cluster (CN).
Service centers/clusters: Baoji “Titanium Valley” (CN), Supra Alloys (US), NeoNickel (EU/UK), ThyssenKrupp Materials NA (US), VSMPO-Tirus (global distribution).
(Trade restrictions and certifications evolve; validate ISO 9001/14001/45001, AS9100, PED, ASME, Class approvals, and recent references before RFQ.)
11) Pitfalls & Risk List
Wrong pipe spec (use B861 not B337); mixing B862 pipe with B338 tubing;
No back-purge or color-rejected welds accepted;
Alpha-case not fully removed; excessive pickling → H-uptake;
No galvanic isolation vs. Cu/CS in seawater;
Using Gr.2 in hot brine/reducing media (should be Gr.12 or Pd grades);
No MTC type, 3rd-party, or NDE level in PO;
Chloride-laden packaging, no marine protection, open-ended tubes in transit.
12) Sample Spec Lines
A (HX U-tubes): “ASTM B338 Gr.2, OD 19.05 mm, WT 1.24 mm, L 9 m, U-bend per TEMA RCB-2.31 (R, lg, Smin to be validated). 100% ECT + hydro. Inner surface BA. Docs EN 10204 3.1 with hydro/ECT/PMI/pickling records.”
B (Process seamless pipe): “ASTM B861 Gr.12, OD 168.3 mm (NPS 6″), WT 6.35 mm, L 6 m. Full-length UT. Ends BE. WPS/PQR with back-purge. Docs 3.2 (3rd-party).”
C (Flange & fitting): “ASTM B381 F-Gr.2 flange, ASME B16.5 Class 150 WN RF, NPS 8″, RF roughness 125–250 AARH; 100% UT (Level II); face protection. ASTM B363 WP-Gr.2 LR elbow 90° DN200 to match B861 pipe; acid-cleaned; Docs 3.1.”
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