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Pipe Fittings & Flanges
Pipe Fittings & Flanges
Pipe Fittings & Flanges｜Global Sourcing for Engineering & Procurement
Scope and supply
• Butt-weld fittings: LR／SR elbows, equal／reducing tees, concentric／eccentric reducers, caps, stub ends, induction bends.
• Flanges: weld neck, slip-on, blind, socket-weld, threaded, long-weld-neck, lap joint with stub end, orifice, spades／spectacle blinds, reducing／expanding, swivel, compact, API 6A wellhead flanges.
• Forged fittings and branch outlets: SW／THD fittings, MSS SP-97 outlets.
• Ancillaries: gaskets, bolting, insulating kits, coatings, face protectors.
Materials at a glance
• C-Mn and low-alloy steels: ASTM A234 (BW fittings), A420 (LTCS), A860 (high-yield); flanges and forgings per A105, A350 LF2, A694 F42–F70.
• Stainless and duplex: ASTM A403 (austenitic grades), ASTM A815 (duplex／super duplex); matching forgings per ASTM A182 (F304／F316／F51／F53／F55).
• Nickel alloys: ASTM B366／B564 for highly corrosive services.
• Sanitary and UPW: ASME BPE compliant 316L, BA／EP finishes and FDA／USP-VI elastomers where required.
Standards and size coverage
• BW fittings: ASME B16.9, MSS SP-43, MSS SP-75, ASME B16.49; EN 10253; GB/T 12459／13401／SY/T 0510. Typical size NPS 1／2 in to 48 in.
• Forged fittings and outlets: ASME B16.11 (Class 2000／3000／6000), MSS SP-97; GB/T 14383／14626.
• Flanges: ASME B16.5 (NPS 1／2 in to 24 in, Class 150–2500), ASME B16.47 A／B (NPS 26–60 in, Class 150–900), MSS SP-44; EN 1092-1 (DN 10–4000, PN 2.5–400), ISO 7005; AWWA C207; API 6A／17D; NORSOK／ISO 27509; GB／T 9112／9113, HG／T 20592／20593, JB／T 4700, GB／T 17241.6.
• Facings and sealing: RF, FF, RTJ, T＆G, M＆F, LJ; select gasket per facing and service; match flange bore to pipe schedule; specify editions to lock P-T ratings.
Quick mapping by sector
• Waterworks and municipal: AWWA C207 flanges with cement-mortar or potable-water epoxy; buried lines with CP; 304L／316L for clean water.
• Seawater and high chlorides: duplex 2205／2507 with EN 1092 or ASME flanges; 316＋graphite or PTFE gaskets.
• Refining and chemicals: WPB／WPL6 and A105／LF2 for utilities; NACE MR0175／MR0103 and hardness control in sour; nickel alloys or PTFE-lined CS for strong acids.
• Power and high-T steam: WP11／22／91／92 with F11／F22／F91; strict PWHT／hardness windows.
• Cryogenic: WPL6／LF2 with CVN, or 304L／316L.
• Sanitary and UPW: ASME BPE 316L, BA／EP, Ra limits, compliant gaskets.
QA／documentation and delivery
• CMTR per EN 10204 3.1／3.2 with chemistry, mechanicals, heat-treatment, NDE.
• PMI and NDE per standards; hydro／air／He-leak as specified.
• Coating QC for blasted surface, DFT and holiday test; markings per MSS SP-25.
• Face protectors and end caps, oiling／shop primer, crated or palletized export packing.
Copy-ready RFQ checklist
• Standard and type；size and rating；material and condition；facing and finish；end type／threads；exams and certificates；surface and packing；industry add-ons（offshore／waterworks／sanitary／nuclear or hydrogen）.
Our value to buyers
• One-stop, multi-standard supply with cross-system fit checks；global sourcing with short lead times；engineering selection support；full dossier and third-party witnessing.
Pipe Fittings & Flanges｜Technical Specifications
1) Scope
Product families
• Butt-weld fittings (wrought): elbows (LR/SR), tees (equal/reducer), reducers (concentric/eccentric), caps, stub ends, induction bends (factory bends).
• Flanges: WN, SO, BL, SW, THD, LWN, LJ (with stub end), orifice flanges, spades & spacers / spectacle blinds, reducing/expanding, swivel/rotating, compact (NORSOK/ISO 27509), API 6A wellhead flanges (6B/6BX).
• Forged fittings & branch outlets: ASME B16.11 SW/THD, MSS SP-97 (Weldolet, Sockolet, Threadolet, Latrolet, Elbolet, etc.).
• Ancillaries: gaskets (B16.20/B16.21/EN 1514), bolting (A193/A320/A194; EN 14399/ISO 898), insulating gasket kits, flange protectors.
Industries / service
Oil & gas (up/mid/downstream, offshore/subsea), refining & chemicals, power (nuclear/thermal/hydro/CSP/storage), waterworks & municipal, mining & metals, pharma & food (sanitary), marine & shipbuilding, semiconductor/UPW, HVAC & firewater.
2) Standards & Codes (Global + China)
Rule: Project-specific specifications govern. When interfacing across systems (ASME Class, EN PN, AWWA), define conversion, fit, and strength explicitly.
2.1 Butt-weld fittings
• ASME/MSS: ASME B16.9 (wrought BW fittings), MSS SP-43 (light-wall stainless), MSS SP-75 (high-strength pipeline fittings), ASME B16.49 (induction bends).
• EN/ISO: EN 10253-1/-2 (C-Mn/low-alloy), EN 10253-3/-4 (austenitic/duplex), ISO 15590-1 (pipeline bends).
• China: GB/T 12459 (steel BW fittings), GB/T 13401 (plate-made BW fittings), SY/T 0510 (OG industry steel BW fittings).
Typical material standards
• C-Mn / alloy: ASTM A234 (WPB/WPC/WP11/WP22/…), ASTM A420 (WPL6/WPL3 LTCS), ASTM A860 (WPHY42–70).
• Stainless / duplex: ASTM A403 (WP304L/316L/321/347H/904L…), ASTM A815 (S31803/S32205/S32750/S32760).
• Nickel alloys: ASTM B366 (Alloy 625/825/C-276/200/201, etc.).
2.2 Forged fittings & branch outlets
• ASME/MSS: B16.11 (SW/THD Class 2000/3000/6000), MSS SP-97 (branch outlets).
• China: GB/T 14383 (SW steel fittings), GB/T 14626 (threaded fittings, legacy usage—confirm per project).
Typical material standards
• Forged C-Mn/LTCS/high-yield: ASTM A105 (normalizing on request), ASTM A350 LF2 (LTCS), ASTM A694 F42–F70.
• Forged stainless/duplex/Ni: ASTM A182 (F304/316/321/347/F51/F53/F55…), ASTM B564 (Ni alloys).
2.3 Flanges
• ASME: B16.5 (NPS 1/2″–24″; Class 150–2500), B16.47 Series A/B (NPS 26″–60″; Class 150–900), MSS SP-44 (pipeline flanges).
• EN/ISO: EN 1092-1 (DN 10–4000; PN 2.5–400), ISO 7005-1/-2/-3.
• AWWA: C207 (large-diameter low-pressure waterworks; Classes B/D/E/F).
• API/Offshore: API 6A wellhead (6B/6BX; 5k–20k psi), API 17D subsea, NORSOK L-005 / ISO 27509 (compact).
• China: GB/T 9112/9113 (steel pipe flanges), HG/T 20592/20593 (chemical flanges/gaskets/fasteners; PN & Class dual series), JB/T 4700 (pressure vessel interfaces; project-dependent), GB/T 17241.6 (ductile-iron flanges).
2.4 Ancillary standards
• Gaskets: ASME B16.20/B16.21; EN 1514; AWWA C207 compatible.
• Bolting: ASTM A193 (B7/B7M/B8/B8M), ASTM A320 (L7/L7M), ASTM A194 (2H/7/8/8M); China cross-refs GB/T 699/3077/1231 (confirm per project).
• Threads: ASME B1.20.1 (NPT), ISO 7-1 (R/Rc BSPT), ISO 228-1 (G BSPP), GB/T 7306/7307.
• Marking: MSS SP-25.
3) Flange Facings & Sealing (detailed)
• RF – Raised Face:
Face height: 1.6 mm (1/16″) for Class 150/300; 6.4 mm (1/4″) for Class ≥600 (per B16.5).
Surface finish: 125–250 AARH (~3.2–6.3 µm Ra).
Gaskets: spiral-wound (316+FG/PTFE), kammprofile, soft PTFE, graphite.
• FF – Flat Face:
For cast iron/non-metallic equipment faces; use full-face gaskets; do not mate RF to FF (risk of edge crushing).
• RTJ – Ring Type Joint:
High-T/P and wellhead/offshore. Profiles R (oval/octagonal) per B16.5; RX/BX per API 6A/compact.
Ring hardness must be lower than flange. Do not mix R with RX/BX.
• T&G / M&F:
Positive gasket location; ideal with linings/glass-lined systems. Faces must be paired; finish as per gasket supplier.
• LJ + Stub End:
Frequent disassembly/alignment issues/corrosion-resistant bore (Stub End CRA, backing flange CS). Stub End types per B16.9 (Type A/B/C).
• Compact Flanges (NORSOK/ISO 27509):
Metal-to-metal cone seal, reduced weight; high bolt preload accuracy; tight machining/assembly tolerances.
Gasket selection tips:
RF → spiral-wound (316+graphite/PTFE), kammprofile; oxidizing/clean services → PTFE/ePTFE; RTJ → RTJ ring only; sanitary → ASME BPE PTFE/EPDM (FDA/USP-VI). For CP/isolation → insulating gasket kits.
4) Materials & Service Mapping
Selection drivers: medium (Cl⁻/H₂S/CO₂/acids/alkalis/oxidizing vs reducing), temperature/pressure, code class (B31.3/B31.1/API/NACE), cryogenic, fatigue/life.
• Utilities (water/inert/low-pressure steam): A234 WPB / A105 (normalized); PN side P245GH/16MnR. Low-temp: A420 WPL6 / A350 LF2 (CVN at −46 °C typical).
• High-T steam / hot reheat: WP11/22/91/92 + F11/F22/F91/F92; strict PWHT and hardness control.
• Chlorides/seawater: A815 S32205/S32750 (Duplex/SDSS) or Ni/Ti; avoid bare CS in seawater unless lined/CP.
• Sour service: Refining/chemical → NACE MR0103/ISO 17945; upstream → MR0175/ISO 15156; typical CS/HAZ ≤22 HRC.
• Strong acids / mixed acids: C-276/C-22/625/825 or PTFE-lined CS; avoid 304/316.
• Cryogenic (LNG/LPG/H₂/LAES): A333 / 304L/316L / Ti; B31.12 for hydrogen; helium leak test as required.
• Sanitary/UPW: ASME BPE 316L (controlled S), EP/BA finish, Ra ≤ 0.5 µm (SF1) / 0.38 µm (SF4); FDA/USP-VI elastomers.
5) Dimensions & Ratings
• ASME B16.9: NPS 1/2″–48″ typical; larger via MSS SP-75 / EN 10253 / project drawings.
• ASME B16.11: THD Class 2000/3000/6000; SW Class 3000/6000; NPS 1/8″–4″.
• ASME B16.5: NPS 1/2″–24″; Class 150/300/400/600/900/1500/2500.
• ASME B16.47 (A/B): NPS 26″–60″; Class 150/300/400/600/900.
• EN 1092-1: DN 10–4000; PN 2.5–400 (Types 01…11).
• AWWA C207: ~4″–144″; Classes B/D/E/F (cold water). Not equivalent to ASME Class.
• API 6A: 6B/6BX; 5k/10k/15k/20k psi.
Bore match: Flange bore must match pipe NPS × Schedule to avoid steps/erosion.
Edition control: Specify standard edition/year to lock pressure-temperature ratings (B16.5/47).
6) Manufacturing & Forging System
• Wrought BW fittings: seamless pipe/plate → hot forming (press/bend/extrude) or plate forming + weld → heat treatment (N / N+T / Q+T / solution) → sizing → end machining → pickling/passivation (ASTM A380/A967) → marking (MSS SP-25).
• Flanges/forged parts: ingot/CC bloom → open-die breakdown → ring rolling / die forging / upset & pierce (directional properties in hub) → forging ratio ≥ 3–4 (project-specific) → N/Q+T/Solution → rough-machining → UT per ASTM A388 → finish-machining faces/RTJ grooves → stamping → preservation.
• Defect control: laps/inclusions/flake (white spots)/flowline breaks; controlled forging temperature, adequate reduction, isothermal forging, de-hydrogenation/tempering, graded UT (S2/E2/E3).
• Heat treatment:
CS/low-alloy → N, Q+T, stress-relief;
Stainless/duplex/Ni → solution anneal rapid quench (≥~1040 °C by grade); duplex: avoid σ/χ precipitation;
Wellhead/high-pressure → Q+T with hardness/toughness windows (API 6A PSL).
7) QA/QC & ITP Backbone
• Chemistry & PMI: OES/ICP; 100% PMI at high-consequence locations (API RP 578 logic).
• Mechanical: YS/UTS/El; CVN at specified temperature for LTCS (WPL6/LF2); hardness limits for sour (e.g., ≤22 HRC typical).
• Metallography / phase control: Austenitic ASTM A262 (IGC); Duplex ASTM A923 (A/B/C) + ferrite content target (e.g., 35–65% unless otherwise specified); ASTM G48 pitting/crevice (Method A/C).
• NDE:
Forgings/flanges → ASTM A388 UT + MT/PT;
BW fittings → per ASTM A960/A960M and product standard (UT/RT/MT/PT; SP-75 mandatory NDE);
B16.49 bends → RT/UT + thinning control.
• Geometry & facings: B16.5/47/9/11 and EN 1092/10253 tolerances, face finish, RTJ groove, bore match.
• Pressure/tightness: Typically rated, not hydrotested; if required, hydro/air; He-leak for hydrogen/nuclear/high-purity.
• Coating QC: blast grade, DFT, adhesion; AMPP (NACE) SP0188 holiday test where applicable.
• Documentation & witnessing: EN 10204 3.1/3.2, HT curves, original NDE, pressure/leak tests, coating QC, NACE compliance, TPI (ABS/LR/DNV/BV/TÜV/SGS) witness points.
8) RFQ / PO Checklist (copy-ready)
1. Standard & type: e.g., ASME B16.9 LR 90° Elbow / ASME B16.5 WN RF / EN 1092-1 Type 11 WN / API 6A 6BX / MSS SP-97 Weldolet / AWWA C207 Class D WN.
2. Size & rating: NPS/DN, Schedule/WT, ASME Class / PN / pressure (psi/MPa).
3. Material & condition: A234 WPB / A420 WPL6 / A860 WPHY65 / A403 WP316L / A815 S32205 / A105 (normalized) / A350 LF2 / A182 F316L / A694 F65 / B564 N06625; NACE MR0175 or MR0103?
4. Facing & finish: RF/FF/RTJ/T&G/M&F; RF 125–250 AARH; RTJ R/RX/BX; compact per NORSOK/ISO 27509.
5. Ends & threads: BW bevel (B16.25) / SW / THD (B1.20.1 NPT); sanitary per ASME BPE/ISO 2852 (Ra/SF).
6. Heat treatment/hardness: N/Q+T/solution; sour hardness limit; duplex ferrite range.
7. Exams: PMI, NDE (UT/RT/MT/PT) coverage, LT CVN, IGC (A262), duplex A923/G48, hydro/air/He-leak as needed.
8. Docs: EN 10204 3.1/3.2, HT curves, NDE reports, pressure/tightness, coating QC, TPI scope.
9. Surface/pack: pickling/passivation / shop primer / FBE / Zn-Al thermal spray; face/RTJ protectors, end caps, VCI, crates.
10. Industry add-ons: Offshore (NORSOK M-501 coating/CP), Waterworks (NSF 61/372 & AWWA flanges), Sanitary (BPE/EP/Ra, FDA/USP-VI), Nuclear/Hydrogen (cleanliness & He-leak).
9) Quick Material Picks by Sector (text)
• Waterworks/utility: WPB + A105 (normalized); buried/coastal → coating + CP.
• Low-temp −46 °C: WPL6/LF2 (CVN) + A320 L7/L7M bolting.
• Seawater/high Cl⁻: S32205/F51 (PN16–PN40/CL300); harsher → S32750/F53 or Ti/Cu-Ni.
• Sour: hardness control + duplex/Ni; post-weld stress-relief as required.
• High-T steam: WP11/22/91/92 + F11/F22/F91; PWHT/hardness.
• Sanitary: ASME BPE 316L, EP, Ra ≤ 0.5 µm, FDA/USP-VI elastomers.
• Wellhead/high-pressure: API 6A 6B/6BX, 4130/8630 Q&T, RTJ BX, PSL-3/4.
• Large water flanges: AWWA C207 D/E + C210/C213/C222 coatings; SP0188 holiday test.
10) Risk Checklist (Do/Don’t)
1. Treating AWWA Class as ASME Class (hole pattern/ratings mismatch).
2. RF-to-FF mating (damages equipment face).
3. Writing “A105N” as a grade (use A105 (normalized)).
4. Claiming B16.9 conformance beyond 48″ (use SP-75/EN 10253/drawings).
5. Selecting 304/316 in high-Cl⁻/strong oxidizers (use Duplex/SDSS/Ni/Ti).
6. No hardness control in sour service (SSC risk).
7. No CVN for LTCS (WPL6/LF2).
8. RTJ profile/hardness mismatches.
9. Bore mismatch → erosion/pressure drop.
10. Duplex ferrite out of range/secondary phase (do A923/G48/δ-ferrite).
11. Offshore life without coating/CP/compact solution.
12. Sanitary: specifying only “316L” without BPE/EP/Ra/gasket compliance.
13. Nuclear/hydrogen/cryogenic without cleanliness/He-leak.
14. Mixing GB with ASME/EN without equivalency & adapter provisions.
11) Representative Spec Lines (copy-paste)
• ASME pipeline flange
Flange, ASME B16.5, WN RF, NPS 12, Class 600, ASTM A694 F65 (Normalized & Tempered), Bore to NPS12 Sch80, Facing 125–250 AARH, UT per ASTM A388, CMTR EN 10204 3.1.
• EN PN seawater duplex
Flange, EN 1092-1 Type 11 (WN RF), DN300 PN40, ASTM A182 F51 (S32205), Pickle & Passivate per ASTM A380/A967, Gasket EN 1514-2, Bolting A193 B7/A194 2H, PMI 100%, G48-A @25 °C Pass, CMTR 3.1.
• High-yield BW tee
Fitting, ASME B16.9, Equal Tee, NPS 24, MSS SP-75 WPHY65, Wall per line Schedule, NDE RT/UT per SP-75, CMTR 3.1.
• B16.11 LTCS SW elbow
Forged SW Elbow 90°, ASME B16.11, 3000#, NPS 1-1/2, ASTM A350 LF2, MT + CVN @ −46 °C, CMTR 3.1.
• API 6A high-pressure
Flange, API 6A 6BX, 10k, RTJ BX ring, 4130 Q&T, NACE MR0175 compliant, PSL-3, Hardness per spec, NDE per API 6A, CMTR 3.2.
• AWWA large waterworks
Flange, AWWA C207 Class D, 84″, CS, Drill per C207, Coating per AWWA C210/C213, Holiday test per AMPP SP0188, CMTR 3.1.
• Sanitary ferrule
Ferrule, ASME BPE, 316L (low-S), SF1 Ra ≤0.5 µm ID, Electropolished, Gasket PTFE (FDA/USP-VI), Surface report + CMTR.
12) GB/HG ↔ ASME/EN Cross-Reference (quick notes)
• GB/T 12459 / 13401 / SY/T 0510 ↔ ASME B16.9 / MSS SP-75 / EN 10253 (ranges differ; confirm per project).
• GB/T 9112/9113 / HG/T 20592/20593 ↔ ASME B16.5/B16.47 / EN 1092-1 (dual PN/Class universe).
• GB/T 17241.6 (DI flanges) ↔ EN 1092-2.
• GB/T 14383/14626 (SW/THD) ↔ ASME B16.11 / ISO 7-1/228-1.
Note: Dimensional series, pressure ratings, and facing codes are not one-to-one. Cross-system joints must be accompanied by fit/strength checks and, where needed, adapters/transition pieces.
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