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HR Stainless Wire Rods

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HR Stainless Wire Rods｜Global Sourcing for Engineering & Procurement

1) Definition & Supply Scope

• Definition: Hot-rolled stainless wire rod in coils, supplied as HR (black) or HRAP/SAP (solution annealed and pickled), with optional finishing, shot-blasting, and straightening.

• Uses: Feedstock for cold-drawn wire, spring wire, welding wire, wire rope strands, mesh wire, cold-heading fasteners, and precision components; can be directly formed or machined after re-heat treatment.

• Families: Austenitic, ferritic, martensitic, duplex and super duplex, precipitation-hardening, 6Mo and high-corrosion-resistance austenitics.

• Typical grades (examples):

— Austenitic: 304/304L, 302HQ, 305, 316/316L, 321, 347, 310S, 904L, 254SMo.

— Ferritic: 409L, 430, 444.

— Martensitic: 410, 420, 431.

— Duplex/SDSS: 2205 (S32205), 2507 (S32750/S32760).

— Precipitation-hardening: 17-4PH, 17-7PH.

• For welding wire feedstock: lock chemistry to AWS A5.9 or ISO 14343 target grades (e.g., ER308L, ER316L, ER309L, ER347, ER2209).

2) Standards & Compliance (specify editions in RFQ/PO)

• General requirements: ASTM A555/A555M, EN 10088-3, EN 10204 3.1/3.2, ISO 15510.

• China GB: GB/T 4356 (hot-rolled stainless wire rod), GB/T 2101 (general delivery), with downstream GB/T 4240 (stainless steel wire) and GB/T 1220 (stainless bars) as references.

• Downstream/use-specific: ASTM A580 (general stainless wire), ASTM A313 (stainless spring wire), EN 10270-3 (stainless spring steel wire), EN 10263-5 (stainless for cold heading/extrusion), JIS G4314 (stainless spring wire), AWS A5.9 or ISO 14343 (welding wire chemistry).

• Critical note: Use ASTM A555 or EN 10088-3 or GB/T 4356 for the rod itself. ASTM A580 and ASTM A313 are finished-wire standards and must not replace rod specifications.

3) Quick Mapping — “Service → Material → Standard → Size”

• Cold-heading fasteners:

— Material: 302HQ, 304L-CHQ, 305, 316L-CHQ.

— Standard: EN 10263-5; purity and hardness per project; use ISO 15510 for chemistry cross-reference.

— Size: Ø5.5–16 mm typical; request precision tolerance and low inclusion ratings.

• Springs and clamps:

— Material: 301, 302, 304, 316, 17-7PH.

— Standard: Rod to ASTM A555 or EN 10088-3; finished wire to ASTM A313 or EN 10270-3.

— Size: Ø5.5–14 mm; prefer HRAP/SAP for stable drawing.

• Welding wire feedstock (GTAW/GMAW/SAW):

— Chemistry: To AWS A5.9 or ISO 14343 windows (e.g., ER308L, ER316L, ER309L, ER347, ER2209).

— Standard: Rod to ASTM A555 or EN 10088-3; lock low S/P/Cu and δ-ferrite control.

— Size: Ø5.5–8.0 mm; HRAP/SAP preferred.

• Wire rope & meshes:

— Material: 304, 316; for marine/high-chloride use 316L, 2205, or 2507.

— Standard: Rod to ASTM A555 or EN 10088-3; specify μr limits if non-magnetic behavior is required.

— Size: Ø5.5–12 mm; contract a surface defect-depth limit.

• High-chloride and seawater:

— Material: 2205, 2507, 904L, 254SMo.

— Standard: EN 10088-3; perform ASTM A923 and ASTM G48 tests for duplex/SDSS.

— Size: Ø6–20 mm; target ferrite 35–65%.

• Heat-resistance/oxidation:

— Material: 310S, 347.

— Standard: EN 10088-3; add ASTM A262 IGC for austenitics when required.

— Size: Ø6–14 mm.

4) Dimensions & Tolerances (default ranges, tighten per project)

• Diameter: Ø5.5–32 mm, up to Ø40 mm project-specific.

• Diameter tolerance: per EN 10088-3 or mill tables; precision grades available.

• Ovality & straightness: per mill or contract; tighten for CHQ and high-speed drawing.

• Coil weight: ~1.0–3.0 t, typically 1.5–2.2 t.

• Coil ID/OD: ~600–850 mm ID, ~1100–1400 mm OD.

• Surface condition:

— HR for subsequent pickling or peeling.

— HRAP/SAP for direct cold working and welding-wire feedstock.

— Surface defect depth limit recommended, e.g., ≤0.20 mm or ≤0.5% of diameter (whichever is stricter); optional in-line or off-line eddy-current testing.

• Duplex rods: deliver in solution-annealed balance with ferrite 35–65%; verify to ASTM A923 and ASTM G48.

5) Manufacturing & QA (ITP backbone)

• Make route: EAF/BOF → AOD/VOD → CC or ingot → reheat → hot-rolling → optional solution + pickling.

• Chemistry & cleanliness: OES/ICP; inclusions per ASTM E45; for welding wire feedstock control S, P, Cu, Nb, Ti, N.

• Metallography & phase: solution-annealed structure; ferrite quantification for duplex; δ-phase window for PH grades.

• Mechanical & hardness: tensile/elongation/hardness (HB/HV); contract CHQ hardness ceiling.

• Corrosion & passivation: ASTM A967; ASTM A262 for austenitic IGC; ASTM A923 & ASTM G48 for duplex.

• Surface & NDT: 100% visual; add eddy-current sampling; sound, crack-free ends.

• Documentation: EN 10204 3.1/3.2; full heat/lot traceability; PED/AD2000 statements where required.

• Non-magnetic option: specify μr ≤ 1.05 or a project-specific threshold.

6) Supply & Packing

• Binding & lifting: multi-strap with edge protection; reinforced lifting beams for full coils.

• Protection: dry film/light oil; HRAP/SAP coils wrapped with VCI paper and film; avoid carbon-steel contact and cross-contamination.

• Marking: heat/lot, grade, size, tolerance class, coil ID, net/gross weight, supply condition.

• Logistics: containerized or break-bulk with bracing; moisture control and stacking limits.

7) RFQ/PO Checklist (copy-ready)

1. Intended use: CHQ, welding wire feedstock, spring, rope, mesh, or others.

2. Standards: ASTM A555 or EN 10088-3 or GB/T 4356; add EN 10263-5 for CHQ; add AWS A5.9 or ISO 14343 target chemistry for welding wire feedstock.

3. Grade & chemistry: e.g., 304L-CHQ, 316L-CHQ, 302HQ, 2205; specify ER308L/ER316L chemistry when applicable.

4. Size & coil parameters: diameter, tolerance grade, coil weight, coil ID/OD.

5. Condition & surface: HR or HRAP or SAP; surface defect-depth limit and NDT plan.

6. Quality: inclusion rating, hardness ceiling, ferrite %, end quality, passivation/corrosion tests.

7. Special limits: μr, low-Cu/low-δ-ferrite (for welding wire feedstock), low S/P and cleanliness.

8. Documentation: EN 10204 3.1/3.2, chemistry/mechanical, metallography/phase balance, NDT reports, third-party inspection list.

8) Risk List (common pitfalls)

• Using ASTM A580 or ASTM A313 as the rod standard.

• Not distinguishing CHQ vs. general-purpose rod (cleanliness/hardness).

• Missing ASTM A923/G48 and ferrite control for duplex/SDSS.

• Using 303 free-cutting grade for CHQ (cracking risk) instead of 302HQ/304Cu/305/316L-CHQ.

• No chemistry window/low-Cu/low-S/δ-ferrite control for welding wire feedstock.

• No μr limit when non-magnetic is required.

• No surface defect depth limit/NDT while ordering HR condition.

• Improper stacking/handling causing coil-to-coil abrasion or dents.

9) Representative Spec Lines (ready to paste)

• CHQ: Wire Rod, ASTM A555, 304L-CHQ, HRAP, Ø6.5 mm, Precision Tolerance per EN 10088-3, Max Hardness 215 HB, Inclusion per ASTM E45 (project class), Coil 2.0 t, ID 760 mm, OD 1250 mm, MTC EN 10204 3.1.

• Welding wire feedstock: Wire Rod, EN 10088-3, Chemistry to AWS A5.9 ER308L, SAP, Ø6.0 mm, Low S/P/Cu, δ-Ferrite controlled, Surface defect depth ≤0.20 mm, 100% Visual + ET sampling, MTC 3.1 + A967 record.

• Duplex corrosion-resistant: Wire Rod, EN 10088-3, UNS S32205 (2205), HRAP, Ø8.0 mm, Ferrite 35–65%, ASTM A923 & G48 qualified, Coil 1.8 t, MTC 3.1 with phase balance.

HR Stainless Wire Rods ｜Technical Specifications

0) Key Corrections and Boundaries

1. Standards positioning: ASTM A555/A555M and EN 10088-3 govern stainless wire/wire-rod delivery; GB/T 4356 is the CN standard for hot-rolled stainless wire rod. ASTM A580/A313 / EN 10270-3 are finished wire standards and must not be used as the primary rod purchase basis; cite them only as downstream requirements in the TA.

2. Material families: austenitic, ferritic, martensitic, duplex/super-duplex, PH, and high-corrosion-resistant austenitics (6Mo/904L) are all feasible for wire rod. Duplex must be supplied solution-annealed with phase balance (typical ferrite 35–65%) and, when requested, tested to ASTM A923 and ASTM G48.

3. Welding wire feedstock: when the end-use is filler metal, the PO shall also lock AWS A5.9 / ISO 14343 target chemistries to secure weld FN/IGC behavior.

4. Common pitfalls: using A580/A313 as rod purchase standards; using 303 for cold heading; omitting surface defect depth limits/NDE on HR supply; missing μr (non-magnetic) targets; no Ferrite%/A923/G48 control for duplex.

1) Product Definition and Scope

• Form: stainless hot-rolled wire rod in coils; delivery states HR (as-rolled) or HRAP/SAP (solution-annealed + pickled/passivated); optional straightening/shot-blasting/finishing.

• Uses: upstream feed for cold-drawn wire, spring wire, welding wire, wire rope strands, mesh, braiding, cold-heading/cold-extrusion fasteners, and precision components; may also be heat-treated and formed directly.

• Grades: austenitic (incl. 302HQ/304L-CHQ/305/316L-CHQ, 310S, 321/347, 904L, 6Mo/254SMo), ferritic (409L/430/444), martensitic (410/420/431), duplex/super-duplex (2205/2507), PH (17-4PH/17-7PH).

2) Standards and Codes Matrix

• General for rod/wire: ASTM A555/A555M, EN 10088-3, GB/T 4356, ISO 15510, EN 10204 3.1/3.2.

• Downstream/use-specific (quote in TA): EN 10263-5 (stainless rod/wire for cold heading/extrusion); ASTM A313 / EN 10270-3 (spring wire); ASTM A580 (general wire); AWS A5.9 / ISO 14343 (filler metals).

• QA references: ASTM E45 (inclusions), DIN 50602 (K-value, optional), ASTM E1245/E562 (cleanliness/point counting); ASTM A967 / A380 (pickling/passivation); ASTM A923 / G48 (duplex).

• JIS note: spring wire may follow JIS G4314; for JIS wire-rod purchase, confirm the current JIS issue and supplier capability before writing it into the TA.

3) Typical Grades and Use Guidance (UNS/EN references)

• Austenitic: 304/304L (S30400/1.4301; S30403/1.4307), 316/316L (S31600/1.4401; S31603/1.4404), 301/302/305/302HQ (S30430), 321 (S32100/1.4541), 347 (S34700/1.4550), 310S (S31008/1.4845), 904L (N08904/1.4539), 254SMo (S31254/1.4547).

• Ferritic: 409L (1.4512) / 430 (1.4016) / 444 (S44400/1.4521).

• Martensitic: 410 (1.4006) / 420 (1.4021/1.4028) / 431 (1.4057).

• Duplex/Super-duplex: 2205 (S32205/1.4462) / 2507 (S32750/S32760/1.4410).

• PH: 17-4PH (S17400/1.4542, deliver Condition A), 17-7PH (S17700/1.4568).

• Welding wire feedstock: ER308L/316L/309L/347/2209 etc. per AWS A5.9/ISO 14343, weld FN checked via WRC-1992 (Cr_eq/Ni_eq).

4) Dimensions, Tolerances and Coil Parameters (ordering suggestions)

• Diameter: Ø5.5–Ø32 mm (project-specific up to Ø40 mm+, subject to mill confirmation).

• Diameter tolerance: per EN 10088-3 or mill schedule; tight tolerances are recommended for CHQ/high-speed drawing.

• Ovality/straightness: quantify in the PO; tighten for CHQ/high-speed drawing.

• Surface defect depth: specify ≤0.5%·D or ≤0.20 mm (whichever stricter); no laps/folds/cracks; separate HRAP/SAP appearance class.

• Coil weight/size: 1.0–3.0 t typical (1.5–2.2 t common); ID 600–850 mm / OD 1100–1400 mm.

• End quality: no pipe/necking/cracks; tip machining/grinding if required.

5) Manufacturing Flow and Delivery Conditions

1. Melting/refining: EAF/BOF → AOD/VOD; optional Ca-treatment; control C, S, P and residuals (Cu, Pb). For welding feedstock, aim low S/P/Cu.

2. CC/bloom → reheating → hot-rolling to coil with controlled temperature/reduction/cooling for target grain size and inclusion morphology.

3. Heat-treat/surface: HR (as-rolled, scaled) for later pickling/peeling/drawing; HRAP/SAP (solution-annealed + pickled/passivated) for direct cold work/welding-wire feed.

4. NDE: online/offline eddy current / magnetic flux leakage (mandatory for CHQ in many OEMs).

5. Finishing: straightening/shot-blasting/finishing as needed; record Ferrite% for duplex lots.

6) Service–Material–Standard Quick Mapping

• Cold heading/extrusion fasteners → 302HQ/304L-CHQ/305/316L-CHQ; cite EN 10263-5, ASTM E45 (or equivalent) for cleanliness, ≤HB 215 (typical cap), surface depth limit, low S/P, tuned Cu/N, HRAP/SAP delivery.

• Springs/clips/clamps → 301/302/304/316, 17-7PH rod; finished wire to ASTM A313 / EN 10270-3; control work-hardening curve, N content, cleanliness.

• Welding wire feedstock → ER308L/316L/309L/347/2209 chemistries per AWS A5.9 / ISO 14343, low Cu/S; design weld FN (WRC-1992); HRAP/SAP delivery.

• Wire rope/mesh/braiding → 304/316; for marine/high Cl⁻, prefer 316L/2205/2507.

• High-chloride/oxidizing media → 2205/2507, 904L, 6Mo; duplex tested to A923/G48.

• Heat-resisting → 310S/347; address scale control/IGC stability.

7) QA/QC and Inspection (ITP backbone)

• Chemistry/cleanliness: OES/ICP; inclusions per ASTM E45 (or mill equivalent). For CHQ/welding feedstock, tighten S/P/Cu/Nb/Ti/N.

• Microstructure/phase: solution-annealed metallography; Ferrite% (duplex) by Ferritscope or metallography, target 35–65% (40–60% if specified).

• Mechanical/hardness: tensile/elongation/hardness (HRB/HV/HB); CHQ rods with specified max hardness.

• Surface/size: 100% visual + sampled eddy current/MFL; end quality control.

• Corrosion/passivation (on request): ASTM A967/A380; ASTM A262 for austenitic IGC; A923/G48 for duplex.

• Magnetic permeability: μr ≤ 1.05 if non-magnetic is required.

• Docs: EN 10204 3.1/3.2 incl. HT curves, chem/mech, metallography/phase balance, NDT, full traceability.

8) Supply, Packing and Protection

• Strapping: multi-point steel bands + edge protection; reinforced lifting.

• Protection: dry film/light oil; HRAP/SAP coils with moisture-barrier paper + wrap; no hard contact with carbon-steel coils.

• Marking: grade/size/state, heat/lot/coil IDs, net/gross, tolerance class, standards.

• Logistics: containerized or bulk with bracing; anti-slip/anti-pressure stacking; in-warehouse moisture control.

9) RFQ/BOM Checklist (ready to reuse)

1. End-use (CHQ/welding feed/spring/rope/mesh…).

2. Standards combo (e.g., ASTM A555 + EN 10088-3; add EN 10263-5 for CHQ; reference AWS A5.9/ISO 14343 for welding feed).

3. Grade/chemistry (e.g., 302HQ/304L-CHQ/316L-CHQ/2205; welding feed ER308L/ER316L chemistry windows).

4. Dimensions/coil (dia/tolerance class, coil weight, ID/OD).

5. Delivery/surface (HR / HRAP / SAP; defect depth limit; NDE plan).

6. Quality (inclusion rating, Ferrite% for duplex, hardness cap, end quality, NDT scope).

7. Specials (μr non-magnetic, low Cu/δ-ferrite for welding feed, low S/P, environmental/cleanliness).

8. Docs/TPI (EN 10204 3.1/3.2, chem/mech, metallography/phase balance, NDT; TPI list).

10) Construction and Risk Controls

• Do not buy rod to A580/A313—use A555/EN 10088-3/GB/T 4356 as the basis.

• Distinguish CHQ vs general rod—tighten cleanliness, hardness, surface, NDE.

• For duplex, control Ferrite%/A923/G48—otherwise cracking/pitting risks rise.

• Never use 303 for cold heading—use 302HQ/304Cu/305/316L-CHQ.

• For welding feed, lock AWS/ISO chemistry windows and low Cu/S, otherwise weld FN/corrosion will drift.

• Specify μr if non-magnetic is required.

• For HR delivery, quantify defect depth and NDE; otherwise drawing breaks will occur.

• Protect coils from abrasion/indentation in transit and storage.

11) Example Spec Lines

• S-1: 304L-CHQ cold-heading rod

“Wire Rod, 304L-CHQ, Ø 8.0 mm, HRAP, per ASTM A555 + EN 10088-3 + EN 10263-5; chem per ISO 15510 (low S/P, Cu/N tuned); HB ≤ 215; surface defect ≤ 0.5%·D or 0.20 mm; NDT: eddy current (batch); Docs: EN 10204 3.1.”

• S-2: ER316L welding-wire feedstock

“Wire Rod, ER316L target chemistry per AWS A5.9 / ISO 14343, Ø 5.5 mm, HRAP/SAP; low Cu/S; weld FN per WRC-1992; surface defect ≤ 0.5%·D or 0.15 mm; μr ≤ 1.05 if specified; Docs: 3.1 incl. HT curve.”

• S-3: Duplex 2205 marine grade

“Wire Rod, UNS S32205 / 1.4462, Ø 10.0 mm, HRAP; Ferrite 40–60% by Ferritscope; ASTM A923 (A/B/C) & G48A sampling; surface defect ≤ 0.5%·D or 0.20 mm; Docs: EN 10204 3.1/3.2.”

• S-4: 17-7PH for springs

“Wire Rod, 17-7PH, Ø 7.0 mm, HRAP, Condition A; downstream to ASTM A313 / EN 10270-3; δ-phase control declared; Docs: 3.1.”

12) Major Global Producers of Stainless Wire Rod (alphabetical by region; verify current capability/approvals)

• Europe: Acerinox – Roldan (ES), Aperam Long Products (FR/LU/BE), Cogne Acciai Speciali (IT), Fagersta Stainless AB (SE), Ugitech (FR, Swiss Steel Group), Valbruna (IT).

• Japan: NSSC, Daido Steel, Sanyo Special Steel, Kobe Steel (specialty long products).

• Korea: POSCO Stainless (plant capability by product line).

• Mainland China: TISCO (Baowu), Baowu Stainless (incl. Desheng), Tsingshan Group / Yongxing Special Stainless, etc.

• Taiwan/Region: Walsin Lihwa.

• India: Viraj Profiles, Mukand Ltd., Jindal Stainless (confirm long-product capability by site).

Note: Availability for CHQ/welding feed/duplex/super-duplex/PH varies by mill. In RFQs, always request the current product list, approvals and recent reference projects, and run qualification samples.

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