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Flanges
Flanges
Flanges｜Global Sourcing for Engineering & Procurement
1. Product Positioning and Scope
Flanges provide detachable connections among pipelines, valves, and equipment. The range covers weld-neck, slip-on, blind, socket-weld, threaded, long-weld-neck, lap-joint, as well as orifice, spectacle blind, reducing/expanding and swivel types. Industries served include onshore/offshore oil & gas, refining & chemicals, power (nuclear/thermal/CSP/energy storage), water & municipal, mining & metallurgy, food & pharma (hygienic), shipbuilding & marine, semiconductors & ultrapure media, and HVAC & fire protection.
2. Standards Matrix
— ASME B16.5 (NPS 1/2″–24″; Class 150/300/400/600/900/1500/2500)
— ASME B16.47 Series A/B (NPS 26″–60″; Class 150/300/400/600/900)
— MSS SP-44 (pipeline flanges)
— ASME B16.9 (buttweld fittings), ASME B16.11 (forged SW/THD), ASME B16.49 (induction bends)
— API 6A (wellhead/tree: 6B, 6BX; 5k–20k psi)
— NORSOK L-005 / ISO 27509 (compact flanges, offshore)
— EN 1092-1 (DN 10–4000; PN 2.5–400; multiple types)
— ISO 7005-1/-2/-3 (international applicability)
— AWWA C207 (waterworks; Class B/D/E/F; not equivalent to ASME Class)
— GB/T 9112/9113, HG/T 20592/20593 (China), for chemical and dual PN/Class systems
— Gaskets and bolting: ASME B16.20/B16.21; EN 1514; ASTM A193/A320/A194; EN 14399/ISO 898; threads per ASME B1.20.1, ISO 7-1, ISO 228-1.
3. Scenario–Material–Standard–Size Mapping
— Oil & Gas (incl. sour): A105 (normalized), A350 LF2, A694, A182 F316L, duplex F51/F53, nickel alloy B564 (e.g., 625); comply with NACE MR0175 or MR0103. Use ASME B16.5/B16.47/MSS SP-44; API 6A for wellhead. NPS 1/2″–60″; Class 150–2500; API 5k–20k psi.
— Power & High-Temperature Steam: A182 F11/F22/F91/F92 with proper heat treatment; ASME B16.5/B16.47; typically NPS 1/2″–48″, Class 300–900.
— Seawater/High-Chloride: A182 F51/F53/F55 or Ni/Ti; ASME B16.5, EN 1092-1, or compact flanges per NORSOK/ISO 27509; PN16–PN40 or Class 300 typical.
— Waterworks & Municipal: CS/DI with cement-mortar or epoxy/PU linings; AWWA C207 with C210/C213/C222 coatings; ~4″–144″ (do not equate AWWA Class to ASME Class).
— Hygienic & Ultrapure: A182 F316L (controlled S) with PTFE/EPDM (FDA/USP-VI); ASME BPE sizes.
— Cryogenic & Hydrogen: A350 LF2/A333 with 304L/316L or Ti as applicable; observe hydrogen embrittlement and He-leak; ASME B16.5/B16.47 with B31.12 considerations.
4. Size Range and Tolerances
— ASME: B16.5 NPS 1/2″–24″ (Class 150–2500); B16.47 NPS 26″–60″ (Class 150–900).
— EN: EN 1092-1 DN 10–4000 (PN 2.5–400; multiple types).
— Facing and Roughness: RF 125–250 AARH typical; RTJ grooves per R/RX/BX and matched rings.
— Bore Match: Flange bore must match pipe OD and wall schedule to avoid step-losses and erosion.
5. Manufacturing and Key Controls
— Forging route: Ingot/CC bloom → open-die forging → ring-rolling/die forging/upset & pierce; ensure flow lines continuity in neck.
— Heat treatment: Normalize/Q&T for CS/AS; solution-quench for stainless/duplex (avoid secondary phases); API 6A parts with strict Q&T control.
— NDE: UT per ASTM A388 with graded zones; add MT/PT as needed.
6. Quality Checks and Documentation
— Chemistry & PMI: heat analysis and incoming PMI; 100% PMI suggested for critical alloys.
— Mechanical & LT: YS/UTS/El; CVN at design temperature (e.g., −46 °C for LF2/WPL6).
— Corrosion & Phase: A262 for austenitic IGC; A923 (A/B/C) and G48 for duplex; hardness limits for sour.
— Geometry & Facing: verify per B16.5/B16.47/EN 1092-1.
— Documentation: EN 10204 3.1/3.2, HT curves, NDE reports, pressure/leak tests if required, and coating QC records.
7. Supply Forms and Packaging
— Delivery: finished flanges with optional gasket, bolting, and isolation kits.
— Protection: pickle & passivate for stainless; shop-primer/FBE/PU/3LPE/3LPP as specified; face protectors, end caps, dry-pack with VCI where needed.
8. Ordering Checklist (copy-ready)
1. Standard & type (e.g., “ASME B16.5 WN RF”).
2. Size & rating (NPS/DN; ASME Class or PN) and bore to pipe schedule.
3. Material & condition (e.g., “A182 F316L solution annealed”, “A350 LF2 Q&T”); NACE MR0175/MR0103 if applicable.
4. Facing & roughness (RF/FF/RTJ/T&G/M&F; RF AARH or RTJ ring type R/RX/BX).
5. Heat treatment & hardness window for high-temp/sour.
6. Inspection & docs (PMI, UT/MT/PT/RT percentages; CVN; A262/A923/G48; EN 10204 3.1/3.2).
7. Coating & packing (pickling/passivation or coating system; face protectors; VCI; moisture control).
9. Quick Material Guide
— Utilities: A105 (normalized) or equivalents.
— Low temperature to −46 °C: A350 LF2 / WPL6 with A320 L7/L7M bolting.
— Seawater/Cl⁻: A182 F51/F53/F55 or Ni alloys.
— High temperature steam: A182 F11/F22/F91/F92.
— Hygienic/ultrapure: BPE 316L (controlled S) with sanitary gaskets.
10. Risks and Mitigations
— Do not equate AWWA Class with ASME Class.
— Do not mate RF with FF.
— Control duplex ferrite/secondary phases via A923 & G48.
— Control hardness for sour service.
— Ensure bore match to avoid erosion and pressure loss.
— Offshore service requires coating and CP; compact flanges where appropriate.
11. Representative Spec Lines (ready to paste)
— “Flange, ASME B16.5, WN RF, NPS 12, Class 600, ASTM A694 F65 (Normalized & Tempered), Bore to NPS12 Sch80, Facing 125–250 AARH, UT per ASTM A388, CMTR EN 10204 3.1.”
— “Flange, EN 1092-1 Type 11 (WN RF), DN300 PN40, ASTM A182 F51 (S32205), Pickle & Passivate per ASTM A380/A967, Gasket EN 1514, Bolting A193 B7/A194 2H, PMI 100%, G48-A @25 °C Pass, CMTR 3.1.”
— “Flange, API 6A 6BX, 10k, RTJ BX-Ring, 4130 Q&T, NACE MR0175 compliant, PSL-3, Hardness per spec, NDE per API 6A, CMTR 3.2.”
— “Flange, AWWA C207 Class D, 84″, CS, Drill per C207, Coating per AWWA C210/C213, Holiday test per AMPP SP0188, CMTR 3.1.”
— “Ferrule, ASME BPE, 316L (low-S), SF1 Ra ≤0.5 µm ID, Electropolished, Gasket PTFE (FDA/USP-VI), Surface report + CMTR.”
Flanges｜Technical Specifications
1) Scope & Use
Detachable pressure-tight connections for piping–valves–equipment–pressure vessels using the “flange–gasket–bolting” system; applicable to O&G, refining, petrochem, power (thermal/nuclear), waterworks, pharma/food, and offshore.
2) Standards & Coverage
• ASME B16.5 (NPS ½″–24″): Class 150/300/400/600/900/1500/2500.
• ASME B16.47 (NPS 26″–60″): Series A/B, Class 150/300/400/600/900.
• ASME B16.36: Orifice flanges.
• ASME B16.48: Line blanks (Spectacle Blind / Spade & Spacer).
• EN 1092-1 (DN 10–4000): PN 2.5–PN 400.
• JIS B 2220: 5K/10K/16K/20K/30K.
• AWWA C207: Waterworks ring/plate flanges (Class B/D/E/F; not equivalent to ASME Class).
• API 6A (6B/6BX): Wellhead/X-mas tree (2000–20000 psi), not interchangeable with ASME B16.5.
• Bolting & Gaskets: ASTM A193/A194; gaskets per ASME B16.20 / EN 1514.
3) Facing & Sealing
• Facing types: RF, FF, RTJ, T&G, M&F.
• RF finish: 125–250 AARH (≈3.2–6.3 μm Ra) stock finish; state if smoother finish is required.
• RF height: 1.6 mm for Class 150/300; 6.4 mm for Class 400–2500.
• RTJ: R-series (oval/oct) for B16.5; RX/BX exclusively for API 6A 6BX.
• Bore match: For WN flanges, specify bore to match pipe schedule (or target ID).
4) Materials & Forging Specs
• Carbon/Low-Temp/High-Yield: ASTM A105 (option: normalized), A350 LF2, A694 F52–F70.
• Alloy (high-temp): ASTM A182 F5/F9/F11/F22/F91.
• Stainless/Duplex/Super Duplex: ASTM A182 F304/L, F316/L, F321, F347; F51 (2205), F53 (S32750), F55 (S32760); F44 (254SMo) if needed.
• Nickel/High-Ni Alloys: ASTM B564 (N04400/Alloy 400, N06625/Alloy 625, N08825/Alloy 825, N10276/C-276, etc.).
• Cladding/Overlay: CRA weld overlay or explosion/hot-roll clad; PTFE/PFA lining for chemical service.
• Sour service: ISO 15156/NACE MR0175; refinery wet H₂S per NACE MR0103.
5) Typical Dimensions/Thickness (indicative; use tables in standards for final sizing)
• B16.5 OD: ~90–1200 mm (NPS ½″–24″).
• B16.5 thickness: ~12–120 mm (Class 150–900), up to 200+ mm for Class 1500/2500.
• B16.47 thickness: ~40–200 mm.
• EN 1092-1 plate/ring: ~12–120 mm; AWWA plate: ~8–75 mm.
• Bolting/Nuts: A193 B7/B7M/L7/L7M/B8/B8M + A194 2H/2HM/7/8/8M to suit service.
6) Product Families & Typical Use
• WN: NPS ½″–60″, Class 150–2500, RF/RTJ/T&G — high temp/high pressure/cyclic service.
• SO: NPS ½″–60″, Class 150–600, RF/FF — utility, condensate/cooling/low-medium pressure.
• SW: NPS ½″–3″, Class 300–1500 — small-bore high pressure branches.
• THD: NPS ½″–4″, Class 150–300 — low pressure/no-hot-work areas.
• BL: NPS ½″–60″, Class 150–2500 — line ends/pressure tests.
• Orifice (B16.36): Class 300–900 — metering/tapped connections.
• Line blanks (B16.48): Spectacle / Spade & Spacer — isolation/blow-through.
• Plate/Ring (EN 1092-1 Type 01 / AWWA C207): large-bore, low pressure waterworks.
• LWN: non-B16.5; vessel nozzles to project/ASME VIII design.
• Swivel/SAE: offshore alignment; hydraulic flanges per ISO 6162/6164/SAE J518.
• API 6A 6B/6BX: wellhead/X-tree; do not mix with B16.5.
7) QA/QC
• Dimensional & facing: PCD, concentricity, facing height and roughness 100% checked.
• PMI & mechanicals: spectro PMI; hardness/impact where required (LT/sour).
• NDT: UT/MT/PT/RT as specified.
• Pressure/leak: flanges alone not routinely hydrotested; blinds/assemblies per PO.
• Surface: no coating on sealing faces/threads; rust preventive + protectors.
• Docs: EN 10204 3.1/3.2 MTC, HT records, NDT/coating reports, NACE statement.
8) RFQ/PO Checklist
• Standard & type (e.g., ASME B16.5 WN RF / EN 1092-1 Type 11 RF).
• Size & rating (NPS 12″ Class 600 / DN300 PN40).
• Facing & roughness (RF/RTJ/T&G, AARH).
• Material & service (e.g., A105N / A350 LF2 / A182 F316L / A182 F51 / B564 N06625; sour/low-temp).
• Mating pipe data (Schedule or target bore).
• Bolting & gasket specs (A193/A194, B16.20/EN 1514).
• Coating/NDT/documentation requirements; explicit note that ASME, EN, AWWA, API 6A systems are not interchangeable without engineering verification.
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