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Metal Hot Extruded Tubes
Metal Hot Extruded Tubes
Metal Hot Extruded Tubes｜Global Sourcing for Engineering & Procurement
1. Product Positioning & Application Scope
1) Positioning
Metal hot-extruded tubes are seamless hollow products formed primarily by hot extrusion. They suit small–medium OD, thick wall, high-alloy and high-cleanliness requirements. They can be supplied as finished tubes or as mother tubes for subsequent cold processing (cold rolling, drawing, pilgering).
2) Typical Applications
Chemicals and fine chemicals, oil & gas and offshore, power generation (coal/gas/nuclear/geothermal), pharma and electronics (high-purity media), general equipment, heat exchange and process control.
3) Process Boundaries
For large OD or extra-long straight pipes, mandrel rolling/plug mill/expander or plate-welded routes (UOE, longitudinal weld, EFW) are usually more economical. Tubes for furnace radiant sections above about 900 °C typically adopt centrifugally cast heat-resistant alloys (ASTM A608/A297), which are outside hot-extrusion’s core domain.
2. Standards Matrix (Buyer’s View)
Note: Extrusion is a manufacturing route; supplied products shall meet the corresponding “product standard + general requirements + dimensional series.” Always state the edition year in the PO.
1) General Requirements & Dimensional Series
• Steel and stainless tube general requirements: ASTM A1016.
• Steel and stainless pipe general requirements: ASTM A999 (alloy & stainless pipe), ASTM A530 (general requirements for carbon and alloy steel pipe, e.g., ASTM A106).
• Carbon/low-alloy tube general requirements: ASTM A450 (e.g., ASTM A179, A210, A209).
• Nickel and Ni-alloy tube/pipe general requirements: ASTM B829.
• Dimensional series: ISO 1127 (metric stainless), ASME B36.10 (CS/AS pipe NPS series), ASME B36.19 (SS pipe NPS series).
2) Stainless & Duplex
• Austenitic SS: ASTM A312 (process/engineering pipe, seamless and welded), ASTM A213 (boiler & heat-exchanger tubes), ASTM A269 (general-purpose SS tubes).
• Duplex/super duplex: ASTM A789 (seamless & welded, tubing grade).
• Chemistry mapping: ISO 15510.
• EU pressure service reference: EN 10216-5 (SS seamless tubes for pressure purposes).
3) Alloy & Heat-Resistant Steels
• High-temperature ferritic alloy pipe: ASTM A335 (P-grades).
• Mechanical (non-pressure): ASTM A519 (mechanical tubing), EN 10297-1 (general-engineering seamless circular tubes).
4) Nickel & Ni-Base Alloys
• Alloys 600/601: ASTM B167; 625: ASTM B444; 800H/800HT: ASTM B407; 825: ASTM B423; Ni-Cr-Mo (e.g., C-276/C-22): ASTM B622. All paired with ASTM B829.
5) Titanium & Zirconium
• Ti & Ti alloys: ASTM B338 (tubes), ASTM B861 (pipe).
• Zr & Zr alloys: ASTM B523 (tubes), ASTM B658 (pipe).
6) Cu-Ni & Other Nonferrous
• Cu-Ni: ASTM B466 (seamless, tubing grade), ASTM B111 (seamless condenser & HX tubes).
3. Scenario–Material–Standard–Size Mapping (Quick Selection)
1) High-temperature steam/SH/RH (pressure service)
• Material: A335 P-grades (e.g., P22, P91) or A213 T-grades.
• Standards & general: A335 (+A999) / A213 (+A1016).
• Sizes: ASME B36.10 (NPS & wall series).
• Note: State heat treatment (N+T or Q+T) and impact/creep targets.
2) General corrosion-resistant process lines (low–moderate chlorides)
• Material: A312 TP316L/TP304L; where needed 317L, 904L, or 6Mo.
• Standards & general: A312 (+A999); for high cleanliness branches use A269 (+A1016).
• Sizes: ASME B36.19 or ISO 1127; add cold finishing where tighter tolerances are required.
3) Seawater/brine/high-chloride
• Material: A789 S32205 (2205), S32750/S32760 (super duplex).
• Standards & general: A789 (+A1016); verify with A923 (phase balance/detrimental phases) and G48 (pitting) as needed.
• Sizes: ISO 1127; align flange/bore with project standard.
4) Strong corrosion or high-temperature carburization resistance
• Material: B444 (Alloy 625), B423 (Alloy 825), B167 (Alloy 600/601), B622 (C-276/C-22).
• Standards & general: alloy-specific + B829.
• Sizes: ISO 1127 or per drawing.
5) High-purity/hygienic/electronic gases
• Material: 316L/304L.
• Standards & general: A269 or A213 (+A1016), specify BA/EP internal finish and clean packaging.
• Sizes: ISO 1127 (define internal roughness).
6) Titanium/zirconium heat exchangers & corrosion service
• Materials & standards: Ti B338 (tubes), Zr B523 (tubes)/B658 (pipe).
• Sizes: per drawing or ISO 1127-equivalent grade (by agreement).
4. Size Range & Tolerances (Typical Window)
• Outside diameter: ~19–260 mm (some mills ≈320 mm).
• Wall thickness: ~3–60 mm (SS/Ni alloys often 4–40 mm).
• Length: 6–12 m, fixed lengths available.
• Tolerance system: Prefer ISO 1127 D2/D3/D4 (OD) + T2/T3/T4 (WT) for stainless; use ASME B36.10/36.19 when adopting NPS series. Specify limits for eccentricity, ovality and straightness (e.g., eccentricity ≤10% as a common target).
5. Manufacturing Flow & Key Controls
• Melting & refining: EAF/BOF → AOD/VOD (for SS/high alloys) → ESR as required.
• Hot extrusion: set heat, extrusion ratio, lubrication and tooling per alloy; control WT uniformity, concentricity and surface integrity.
• Cold finishing (as required): cold rolling, drawing or pilgering to tighten tolerances and improve surface/mechanical properties.
• Heat treatment: SS solution anneal + rapid quench; alloy steel N/T or Q/T; Ni-alloy per product standard.
• Ends & surface: bevel per ASME B16.25; pickling & passivation or BA/EP finish (per cleanliness needs).
6. Quality Inspection & Documentation
• General & docs: A1016 or B829 (tube); A999 or A530 (pipe); EN 10204 3.1/3.2 CMTR.
• Chemistry & mechanicals: per product standards and delivery condition.
• Corrosion & phase: ASTM A262 for austenitic (if required); ASTM A923 and ASTM G48 for duplex.
• NDE & pressure: UT/ET/RT/MT/PT coverage per product standards and A1016/B829; hydro/pneumatic test per standard or drawing.
• Dimensions & surface: per ISO 1127 or ASME series; specify HR/HRAP/pickled or BA/EP.
7. Supply Forms & Packaging
• Supply forms: hot-finished (HFS) or cold-finished (CFS); straight tubes or coils (where applicable).
• Packaging: end caps + VCI/dry film or rust preventive; internal liners and external protection; clear ID (heat/lot, grade, size, tolerance class, length, weight). For clean service, double bag with inner seals.
8. Ordering Checklist (Copy-Ready)
1. Standard and edition (e.g., ASTM A312-2024, ASTM A789-2022, ASTM B444-2023, EN 10216-5).
2. Route (mandatory hot extrusion? any cold finishing) and heat-treat condition.
3. OD × WT × length and tolerance system (ISO 1127 D/T class or ASME B36.10/36.19), limits for eccentricity/ovality/straightness.
4. Tests: chemistry, mechanicals, NDE (coverage), pressure, corrosion/phase (A262/A923/G48).
5. Ends & finish: B16.25 bevel, pickled/passivated or BA/EP, cleanliness and oil-free declaration.
6. Regulations & special: NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 applicability and hardness windows for H₂S service (if applicable).
9. Quick Selection Guide (One-Liners)
A335/A213 for steam pressure; A312 316L for general corrosion; A789 2205/2507 for seawater; B444/B423/B167/B622 for strong corrosion or carburization; B338 (Ti) or B523/B658 (Zr) for heat exchangers.
10. Procurement/Construction/O&M Risk Alerts
• Do not assign >900 °C radiant-section duties to hot-extruded tubes (use ASTM A608/A297 centrifugally cast alloys).
• Do not mix ISO 1127 and ASME dimensional series without contractual alignment; avoid flange/bore mismatch.
• Skipping A923/G48 for duplex or A262 for austenitic leads to phase issues, early pitting or intergranular corrosion.
• Mixing pipe vs tube general requirements (A999/A530 vs A1016) causes acceptance disputes.
11. Representative RFQ/PO Lines
1. “Duplex stainless tube, ASTM A789 S32205, hot-extruded + cold-rolled, OD 168.3 mm × WT 10.97 mm × L 6 m; ISO 1127 D3/T3; A923/G48; A1016; EN 10204 3.1.”
2. “Ni-base alloy tube, ASTM B444 N06625, OD 73.0 mm × WT 8.0 mm × L 6 m; ASTM B829; UT/ET 100% + hydro; EN 10204 3.1.”
3. “Alloy steel pipe, ASTM A335 P22, OD 114.3 mm × WT 14.2 mm × L 6 m; ASME B36.10; A999; N+T; EN 10204 3.1.”
12. Representative Global Producers (Examples, Alphabetical)
Alleima (ex-Sandvik Materials Technology), Centravis, Jiuli Hi-Tech, Mannesmann Stainless Tubes, Nippon Steel Stainless, Tenaris, Tubacex Group, Vallourec, VSMPO-AVISMA (Ti), Wieland/KME (Cu-Ni).
(Manufacturing windows and metallurgy routes per mill datasheets and contract.)
Metal Hot Extruded Tubes｜Technical Specifications
0) Critical Errata & Boundary Clarifications
1. Realistic size capability (steel): the typical engineering window for hot-extruded seamless tubes is OD 19–260 mm (rarely up to ≈320 mm), WT 3–60 mm, and length 6–12 m per bar. Requests well beyond this window (OD＞260–320 mm or L＞12–18 m) should be steered to mandrel/plug/push-bench rolling or plate-welded routes (EFW/LSAW/UOE/SAW).
2. Furnace radiant tubes (>900 °C): industry practice is centrifugally cast tubes (ASTM A608/A297, HK/HP-Mod), not hot-extruded tubes.
3. Nuclear primary piping (large bore): generally austenitic SA-312/SA-376/SA-358 solutions (with some cast components), not a hot-extrusion application; SG tubing is Alloy 690TT.
4. API 5L vs this category: API 5L/B31.4/B31.8 are pipeline standards (oil & gas transmission) and not general purchase bases for high-alloy extruded tubes. If used on limited plant utility at ambient conditions, the PO must add pressure/NDE/coating clauses.
5. Duplex stainless quality: mandatory ASTM A923 (A/B/C) deleterious phase check with ferrite-austenite balance; control heat input and interpass temperature.
6. Corrosion compliance for austenitic/Ni-base: austenitic IGC per ASTM A262; Ni-base per ASTM B829 with ASTM G28 as applicable. CRA in wet-H₂S must be assessed to ISO 15156/NACE MR0175 limits.
1) Product Definition & Scope
• Definition: metallic seamless tubes whose primary hollow is formed by hot extrusion, optionally followed by cold finishing (pilger/draw). Materials include ferrous (carbon/Cr-Mo, austenitic, duplex), Ni-base, titanium, and copper-nickel.
• Where hot extrusion excels: hard-to-deform alloys, thick-wall, small-to-medium OD, and services requiring high soundness, low eccentricity, and superior surfaces for pressure/corrosion duty.
• Non-preferred: very large OD/extra-long straight pipes, very high-temperature radiant tubes, and high-volume commodity CS/low-alloy in medium/large OD (better with piercing-rolling or plate-welded or centrifugal cast routes).
2) Standards & Codes Matrix (global, incl. CN)
General & dimensional
• ASTM/ASME A999 / A1016 (general requirements).
• ASME B36.10M / B36.19M (carbon steel / stainless size series).
• ISO/EN 1127, EN 10220 (stainless dimensions & tolerance classes).
Product standards by material family
• Cr-Mo heat-resistant steels (CSEF incl. P91/P92): ASTM A335/SA-335.
• Boiler/heat-exchanger tubes: ASTM A213/SA-213; CN GB/T 5310.
• Austenitic stainless pipes: ASTM A312/SA-312; CN GB/T 13296/14976.
• Duplex stainless: ASTM A789 (tubes) / A790 (pipes); CN GB/T 21833 as reference.
• Ni & Ni-base alloys: ASTM B163/B167/B407/B423/B444/B622, with ASTM B829 general requirements.
• Titanium: ASTM B338 (condenser/heat exchanger), B861 (pipe).
• Cu-Ni: ASTM B111/B466.
• EU pressure use: EN 10216-2 (non-alloy/alloy steels at elevated T), EN 10216-5 (stainless), EN 10297-1 (mechanical).
• CN seamless: GB/T 9948, GB/T 6479, GB/T 8163 (process/chemical/fluids).
Corrosion & compliance
• ISO 15156/NACE MR0175 (upstream wet-H₂S), NACE MR0103/ISO 17945 (refinery/chemical).
• IGC: ASTM A262 (austenitic); deleterious phase: ASTM A923 (duplex); pitting/crevice: ASTM G48; Ni-base supplement: ASTM G28.
Welding/HT/inspection
• ASME Section IX (WPS/PQR), BPVC I/V/VIII for pressure boundary, PED for EU;
• NDE methods: ASTM E213 (UT) / E426 (ET), RT/DR as specified.
3) Materials & Typical Grades (illustrative)
• Cr-Mo: A335 P11/P22/P91/P92 (strict N+T windows; PWHT after welding).
• Austenitic: TP304/304L, 316/316L, 321, 347/347H, 310S, 904L.
• Duplex/Super Duplex: 2205 (S32205/S31803), 2507 (S32750), Zeron100 (S32760).
• Super austenitic (6Mo): S31254 (254SMO), N08367 (AL-6XN), N08926.
• Ni-base: Alloy 600/625/690/800H/825, C-22/C-276.
• Titanium: Gr.2/7/12.
• Cu-Ni: 90/10, 70/30.
4) Sizes & Tolerances (hot-extrusion window)
• Typical window: OD 19–260 mm (rarely up to ~320 mm), WT 3–60 mm, L 6–12 m.
• Beyond window: evaluate mandrel/plug/push-bench rolling or EFW/LSAW/UOE/SAW.
• Geometric quality (define in PO/drawing per A999/A1016 or ISO/EN 1127):
• Ovality ≤ (0.5–1.0)%·D (by class);
• Eccentricity ≤ (8–12)%;
• Straightness ≤ 1–2 mm/m;
• Ends to ASME B16.25 (angles/land explicitly stated).
5) Manufacturing Route
• Primary: ingot/CC bloom → soak → hot extrusion to hollow (glass/graphite lubrication; proper extrusion ratio) → sizing/elongation → controlled cooling → preliminary inspection.
• Cold finishing (as needed): cold pilger / cold draw for tight tolerances & surface → intermediate anneals.
• Heat treatment:
• Austenitic/duplex/Ni-base solution anneal (≥1040 °C) + rapid quench; BA/EP optional.
• CSEF P91/P92 strictly N+T (documented HT windows).
• Duplex phase balance; A923 compliance.
• Finishing: straightening → cut-to-length → end machining (chamfers/bevels) → pickling/BA/(optional EP) → protection (oil) & end caps.
6) Service–Material–Standard Quick Mapping (engineering guide)
Screening only; finalize by T/P/chemistry (Cl⁻, acids/bases, sulfides), phase, velocity, stress, life and owner specs.
1. HP steam 540–650 °C → A335 P22/P91/P92; thick-wall branch by extrusion; boiler bulk by piercing-rolling; N+T/PWHT, hardness/impact/creep.
2. Chlorides at moderate T (≤120 °C) → 316L/317L/904L; higher Cl⁻/stress → 2205; extreme → 2507/6Mo/Ni-base; A262/G48/A923/G28 as applicable.
3. Strong/complex acids (HCl/HF/organic/Cl⁻) → Alloy 625/825, C-276/C-22; consider PTFE lining when mixed media demands.
4. Sea/brine with pressure → 2205/2507 or Cu-Ni 90/10, 70/30; titanium on HX side; G48, phase balance, CP coordination.
5. Clean/vacuum/ultra-high purity → 316L (UHP grades), extruded mother + cold finish + BA/EP, stringent cleanliness & Ra.
6. Sour/amine tails → CRA to ISO 15156/MR0175, hardness limits; SSC/HIC if specified.
7. Hot hydrogen/HTHA → verify to API 941 (Nelson curves); P22/P91/P92 are not automatically H₂ qualified.
8. Low temperature/cryogenic → A333 or 304L/316L; cold finishing enhances precision/surfaces.
9. Hydrogen service (B31.12) → favor austenitic/Ni-base, assess hydrogen cracking & permeation; helium leak on critical joints.
7) QA/QC & KPIs (ITP backbone)
• Chemistry/cleanness (OES/ICP; low S/P/inclusions; VIM/ESR/VAR for high-end Ni/nuclear when specified).
• Mechanical (RT/HT tensile; CSEF creep/rupture where required).
• Toughness (CVN at MDMT as defined).
• Corrosion (ASTM A262, A923, G48, G28 as applicable; NACE suitability for sour).
• NDE (UT/ET 100%; RT/DR sampling on critical zones); hydro per A999/A1016 or agreed equivalent E-tests.
• Geometry/surfaces (OD/WT/L; ovality/eccentricity/straightness; pickled/BA/EP evidence).
• Phase/microstructure (duplex ferrite 35–60% target window project-wise; Ni-base precipitation control).
• Documentation (EN 10204 3.1/3.2, HT charts, raw NDE/hydro, corrosion/phase reports, full traceability).
8) Delivery, Marking & Packing
• Ends to B16.25 (bevels/chamfers, end caps).
• Protection: dry/oil-film; no chloride residues; segregated tooling for stainless/Ni (no iron contamination).
• Marking: standard/grade/size/HT state/lot; NDE/hydro status; tolerance class; barcode/QR for traceability.
• Packing: crates/frames/moisture barrier + desiccants; seafastening; clean-room double-bag/inert for UHP when required.
9) RFQ/PO Checklist
1. Standard + edition (e.g., ASTM A789-2023 S32205; ASTM B444-2022 N06625; EN 10216-5).
2. Route: Hot-Extruded mandatory or not; “extruded mother + cold pilger/draw”.
3. Size/tolerance: OD×WT×L; ISO 1127 D/T or A999/A1016; limits for eccentricity/ovality/straightness.
4. Heat treatment: solution/BA; N+T/Q+T for CSEF with hardness & CVN windows.
5. Exams: UT/ET coverage; RT sampling; hydro method & pressure; A262/A923/G48/NACE as applicable.
6. Ends/surfaces: B16.25 bevel details; chamfers; pickled/BA/EP; inner Ra if specified.
7. Docs/TPI: EN 10204 3.1/3.2, HT charts, raw NDE/hydro, 3rd-party/class society as listed.
8. Packing/cleanliness: end caps; moisture/clean packaging; handling/rigging limits.
10) Construction & Welding Risk Controls
• P91/P92 (CSEF): strict preheat/interpass/PWHT; verify hardness & CVN on BM/Weld/HAZ; mitigate re-heat cracking.
• Duplex/Ni/Austenitic: segregate tools, no carbon-steel brushes; post-weld pickling + passivation and de-chlorination; manage heat input/interpass; A923 spot checks.
• Fit-up: bore match to schedule; control mismatch/end squareness.
• Clean services: oil-free/dry/double-capped; particulate & hydrocarbon limits; helium leak where critical.
11) Example Spec Lines (ready-to-paste)
• J-1 Duplex thick-wall HX mother
“Tube, ASTM A789 S32205 (Duplex 2205), Hot-Extruded + Cold Pilger + Solution Annealed (BA optional), OD 60.3 mm × WT 10.0 mm × L 6 m; UT/ET 100%; ASTM A923 (A/C) pass; ASTM G48 Method A at 24/50 °C as specified; Tolerances ISO 1127 D2/T3; Eccentricity ≤ 8%, Ovality ≤ 0.8%·D; Docs: EN 10204 3.1 + HT charts + NDE.”
• J-2 Ni-base branch for strong acids
“Tube, ASTM B444 UNS N06625, Hot-Extruded mother + Cold Drawn + Solution Annealed, OD 73.0 mm × WT 8.0 mm × L 6 m; UT/ET 100% + Hydro; ASTM B829 general requirements; provide pitting/crevice/IGC evidence vs stated media; MTC 3.1 (/3.2).”
• J-3 Reheat steam thick-wall (P91)
“Pipe, ASTM A335 P91, Hot-Finished (Extruded) + N+T, OD 114.3 mm × WT 18.0 mm × L 6 m; UT 100%; CVN at MDMT; creep data if specified; ASME IX WPS/PQR & PWHT plan; hardness/CVN windows.”
• J-4 Clean vacuum thin-wall (316L)
“Tube, ASTM A312 TP316L, Extruded mother → Cold Pilger/Draw + SA + BA/EP, OD 25.4 mm × WT 2.0 mm × L 6 m; inner Ra record, oi-free & double-bag; ET 100%, Hydro (or equivalent) per A1016.”
12) Global Hot Extrusion Tube Producers (indicative; verify approvals/3.2/TPI)
• Europe: Alleima (Sandvik); Tubacex Group; Mannesmann Stainless Tubes (Salzgitter); Centravis.
• Japan: Nippon Steel Stainless Tube (NSST); JFE（stainless/duplex/high-alloy, extrusion/pilger mix).
• North America: ATI Specialty Alloys & Components（Ni/Ti extrusions & tube hollows for downstream finishing）; Plymouth / Superior Tube (cold finished precision; mother hollows may be extruded).
• China: Jiuli（stainless/duplex/Ni-base; hot extrusion/rolling + cold finish）; BAOTI / Western Superconducting（Ti/Ti-alloy extrusions & tubes）.
• Russia: VSMPO-AVISMA（Ti extrusions & tubes; project vetting required）.
Note: exact press capability, alloy/size envelopes, and conformity (ASME, PED, NORSOK, nuclear NQA-1, EN 10204 3.2, TPI) must be verified during RFQ.
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