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Stainless HR & Bright Bars
Stainless HR & Bright Bars
Stainless HR & Bright Bars｜Global Sourcing for Engineering & Procurement
1. Product Overview & Scope
• Forms: hot-rolled black, HRAP, cold-drawn, peeled, turned, ground; rounds, squares, hexagons, flats; forged rounds and machined blanks.
• Uses: machined parts, pump shafts and valve stems, flange blanks, fastener blanks, petrochemical and offshore components, food and pharma equipment, cryogenic and high-temperature parts.
• Lengths: 3–12 m typical, fixed lengths on request; chamfered or sawn ends available.
• Conditions: solution-annealed; precipitation-hardened (for PH grades); optional UT and precision tolerances.
2. Standards Matrix (Global & China)
• General: ASTM A484 (general requirements for stainless bars, billets and forgings), ISO 15510 (chemistry).
• Bars: ASTM A276 (general-purpose bars and shapes), ASME SA-276 (ASME notation), ASTM A479 (bars for boilers/pressure service), ASME SA-479, ASTM A582 (free-machining), ASTM A564 (precipitation-hardening bars).
• Europe: EN 10088-3 (delivery conditions for stainless bars and shapes), EN 10272 (stainless bars for pressure purposes), EN 10250-4 (stainless steel open-die forgings).
• China & Japan: GB/T 1220 (stainless bars), GB/T 20878 (chemistry), JIS G4303 (stainless bars).
• Testing & processes: ASTM A370 (mechanical), ASTM A262 (IGC), ASTM A923 (duplex), ASTM G48 (pitting/crevice), ASTM A967 & ASTM A380 (pickling/passivation), ASTM E112 (grain size), EN 10308 or ASTM A388 (UT), EN 10204 (3.1/3.2).
• Compliance: PED on request with MTC and declarations; third-party witnessing available.
3. Grade Matrix (examples)
• Austenitic: 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 321, 347, 310S, 904L, 254SMo (S31254).
• Free-machining: 303, 416 (for machining; not recommended for welding or high-chloride service).
• Ferritic: 430, 444.
• Martensitic: 410, 420, 431.
• Duplex & super duplex: 2205 (S32205), 2507 (S32750, S32760).
• Precipitation-hardening: 17-4PH (S17400; H900/H1025/H1150), 15-5PH (S15500), 13-8Mo (S13800).
• Notation: Chinese name + UNS or EN (e.g., “2205 (S32205, 1.4462)”).
4. Quick Mapping: Service → Material → Standard → Size
• General chemicals & low-chloride water: 304L or 316L; ASTM A276 or A479; Ø8–300 mm; solution-annealed and pickled.
• Seawater & high chlorides: 2205 or 2507; ASTM A479 / EN 10272; Ø10–250 mm; ASTM A923 & ASTM G48 sampling; ferrite and μr as specified.
• Food & pharma equipment: 316L (controlled S) or 2205; ASTM A276; turned/ground finish; pickling & passivation to ASTM A967/ASTM A380; clean packaging.
• Pump shafts, valve stems, flange blanks: 316L, 2205, 17-4PH; ASTM A479 (pressure) or ASTM A564 (PH); Ø20–350 mm; straightness and UT to EN 10308 or ASTM A388.
• Cryogenic: 304L or 316L; ASME SA-479; add CVN if required; fixed lengths to minimize welds.
• High-temperature oxidation: 310S, 347 or 321; ASTM A479; specify grain size window (ASTM E112) if needed.
• High strength & wear: 17-4PH/15-5PH/13-8Mo; ASTM A564; order H900/H1025/H1150; define machining allowance and distortion control.
5. Dimensions & Tolerances
• Diameters: 6–500 mm typical (larger via forged rounds + rough machining).
• Lengths: 3/6/9/12 m and fixed lengths; sawn or chamfered ends.
• Tolerances & form: per ASTM A484 or EN 10060 (hot-rolled rounds) and EN 10278 (bright bars); precision h9/h10/h11 available; straightness typically ≤1.5 mm/m unless tighter specified.
• Surface: black, HRAP, peeled, turned, ground; specify Ra for sealing or fit surfaces.
6. Manufacturing & Heat Treatment
• Route: EAF/BOF + AOD/VOD → CC billet/ingot → hot rolling/open-die forging → solution anneal & rapid quench → straightening → peel/turn/grind → preservation & marking.
• PH grades: ageing per ASTM A564 (H900/H1025/H1150) with HT records.
• Duplex: control phase balance; avoid σ/χ; provide ferrite content if required.
7. Quality & Testing
• Chemistry: per order grade & ISO 15510/GB, with PMI at receipt.
• Mechanical: to ASTM A276/A479/A564, EN 10088-3 or EN 10272; methods to ASTM A370.
• Corrosion & phase: ASTM A262 (austenitic), ASTM A923 (duplex), ASTM G48 (pitting); magnetic permeability limits where applicable.
• NDE: UT per EN 10308 or ASTM A388; zone UT for large rounds and forgings.
• Documentation: EN 10204 3.1/3.2 MTC, HT records, test reports; TPI on request.
8. Supply & Packaging
• Marking: heat number, grade, size, condition, tolerance class, standards, lot.
• Protection: end caps, rust-preventive oil, film and VCI; segregate from carbon steel.
• Logistics: crated or skidded with anti-slip and strapping; moisture protection for marine shipments.
9. RFQ Checklist (Copy-Ready)
1. Service, medium, temperature/pressure; pressure equipment or not.
2. Grade & standard: e.g., “2205 (S32205) to ASTM A479” or “17-4PH to ASTM A564”.
3. Size & precision: diameter × length; tolerance (ISO 286 h9/h10 or EN 10278); straightness limit; machining allowance.
4. Condition & finish: HRAP/peeled/turned/ground; Ra if critical.
5. Testing: UT level (EN 10308 or ASTM A388), PMI, A262/A923/G48, grain size, μr.
6. Docs: EN 10204 3.1/3.2, HT curves, reports, TPI scope.
7. Delivery & packing: ends, marking, anti-rust, moisture control, handling; lead-time and release plan.
10. Risk Checklist (Common Pitfalls)
• Using ASTM A276 in pressure equipment where ASME SA-479/ASTM A479 is required.
• Selecting 304 or 303 for severe chloride or welded service; use 316L/duplex or higher alloys instead; 303 is not for welding/high-Cl⁻.
• Omitting tolerance and straightness on shaft and fit parts.
• No A923/G48 on duplex → embrittlement/pitting risk.
• No ageing condition for PH grades (e.g., H900/H1025/H1150).
• No UT level for large-diameter rounds/critical shafts.
• No pickling/passivation where cleanliness is mandatory (ASTM A967/ASTM A380).
11. Representative Spec Lines (Copy-Paste)
• “Bar, ASTM A479, 316L, Ø50 mm × 6 m, HRAP, peeled & turned, straightness ≤1.5 mm/m, EN 10204 3.1, UT per EN 10308 Level 3.”
• “Bar, ASTM A479, 2205 (S32205, 1.4462), Ø80 mm × 6 m, HRAP, peeled & ground, ASTM A923 Method A / ASTM G48 Method A sampling, EN 10204 3.1.”
• “Bar, ASTM A564, 17-4PH, H1150, Ø60 mm × 6 m, turned finish, UT per ASTM A388 (level as specified), EN 10204 3.1.”
• “Bar, ASTM A276, 904L, Ø40 mm × 6 m, HRAP, pickled & passivated, surface finish as specified, EN 10204 3.1.”
Stainless HR & Bright Bars｜Technical Specifications
1) Overview
• Scope: stainless round / square / hex bars supplied as Hot-Rolled (HR), Bright (cold-drawn / peeled / turned / centreless-ground / polished) and Forged.
• Industries: petrochem & pressure equipment, pumps & valves, machinery & automotive, food & pharma, pulp & paper, mining & metallurgy, marine/seawater, power and conventional island in nuclear.
• Note: for pressure service, prefer A479 / EN 10272.
2) Standards Matrix
General / Bars:
• ASTM A276 (stainless bars/shapes)
• ASTM A479/A479M (bars for boiler & pressure service)
• ASTM A484/A484M (general requirements for SS/heat-resisting bars, billets, forgings)
• EN 10088-3 (delivery requirements for long products)
• EN 10272 (bars for pressure purposes)
• GB/T 1220 (SS bars), JIS G4303 (SS bars)
Bright bar tolerances:
• EN 10278 (bright products); ISO 286-2 (tolerance grades h9/h10/h11, g6 per drawing)
Forgings NDE:
• EN 10228-3 / ASTM A388 (UT on forgings)
3) Materials & Grades
• Austenitic: 304/304L, 316/316L, 321, 347/347H, 310S, 904L, 254SMo (S31254)
• Ferritic: 430, 439, 444 (on request)
• Martensitic: 410, 420 (on request)
• Duplex/Super Duplex: 2205 (S32205/31803), 2507 (S32750/32760)
• Precipitation-Hardening: 17-4PH (S17400), 15-5PH (S15500)
• Free-machining: 303, 416 (not for welding or chloride/strong-corrosion service)
Pressure service: select A479 / EN 10272 equivalents.
Duplex: control phase balance (Ferrite 35–65%), avoid sigma phase; apply ASTM A923 & ASTM G48 as required.
4) Dimensions, Tolerances & Route Cutover
4.1 Typical capability
• HR rounds: Ø16–250 mm (economic range); up to Ø280–350 mm on selected mills with extra QA (see 4.3).
• Forged rounds: Ø>250 mm recommended; max per project & forge (commonly Ø600–800 mm+).
• Bright bars: Ø2–100 mm (drawn/peeled/ground/polished); larger by peel+grind.
• Length: 2–6 m typical; longer per HT/handling capability.
• Straightness: typically ≤0.5 mm/m (option ≤0.25 mm/m).
• Surface roughness: ground Ra ≤0.8 µm, finer per drawing.
• Tolerances: Bright per EN 10278 / ISO 286-2 (h9/h10/h11, g6, etc.); HR/Forged per ASTM A484 & mill tables.
4.2 Manufacturing route & size cutover (baseline)
• Baseline: HR Ø16–250 mm; Forged Ø>250 mm by default.
• Mandatory switch for critical service: for pressure parts, flange blanks, heavy rotating shafts, use forged at Ø≥200 mm, unless the supplier’s approved data pack proves HR equivalency (macro-soundness/UT/fatigue).
4.3 Extra QA for HR diameters >Ø250 mm
Supplier shall submit a qualified pack for approval:
1. UT class per EN 10308 or SEP 1921;
2. Macroetch / center soundness per GB/T 226 / ASTM E381 with photos & ratings;
3. Cleanliness / inclusions per ASTM E45 or equivalent;
4. Anisotropy: radial vs. axial mechanical sampling;
5. Duplex/PH phase control: Duplex Ferrite 35–65%, ASTM A923 (A/B/C) & ASTM G48; PH verified in specified aging.
4.4 Minimum total reduction ratio (forging)
• Austenitic ≥3:1; Duplex/PH ≥3.5–4:1 recommended (section or volume cumulative).
• Declare route & cumulative reduction on CMTR.
5) Manufacturing & Heat Treatment
• Routes: HR, open-die/rolled forging, cold drawing, peeling/turning, centreless grinding, polishing.
• Heat treatment: solution anneal (austenitic/duplex; ≥1040 °C fast cool), aging for PH (H900/H1025/H1150), stress-relief per drawing.
• Surfaces: HR black or HRAP; Bright as drawn/peeled/turned/ground/polished; flat/chamfered/lathe-cut ends.
6) QA/QC
• Chem & PMI: heat & product OES; batch PMI; control C, S, P, N, Mo, Cu, Nb, Ti per grade/service.
• Mechanicals: tensile, hardness (HB/HRC); Charpy at sub-zero (e.g., −20/−40 °C) if required.
• Geometry: diameter/tolerance, straightness, ovality, length, end quality.
• NDE:
• Bars UT per EN 10308 / SEP 1921;
• Forgings UT per EN 10228-3 / ASTM A388;
• Surface ECT/MFL/PT/MT as specified.
• Corrosion / phase (as specified):
• Austenitic IGC per ASTM A262 (Practice E);
• Duplex per ASTM A923 (A/B/C), ASTM G48 (A/C) & Ferrite %.
• Docs: EN 10204 3.1/3.2, HT curves, raw UT records, macroetch photos when applicable.
7) Applications → Material Guidance
• General corrosion & machining: 304/304L, 316/316L (stems, shafts, sleeves, structures).
• High-chloride/marine: 2205/2507; prefer forged for shafts/flange blanks; run G48 if required.
• High-temperature/oxidation: 321/347(H), 310S (supports/guards/hot shafts) per temperature rating.
• Hygienic (food/pharma): 316L bright with Ra/cleanliness (user URS); avoid free-machining grades.
• Heavy rotating shafts: 316L/2205 forged at Ø≥200 mm; high-class UT + macro-soundness.
• High-strength PH: 17-4PH/15-5PH in specified aging (H900/H1025/H1150) with dimensional change control.
• Free-machining: 303/416 for non-welded & non-chloride mild service only.
8) Ordering Checklist
1. Form: HR / Bright (drawn/peeled/ground/polished) / Forged.
2. Standard + Grade: e.g., ASTM A479 316L (pressure), ASTM A276 316L (general), EN 10272 1.4404, GB/T 1220 06Cr19Ni10, ASTM A564 17-4PH.
3. Size: Ø × Length; bright tolerance (h9/h10/h11/g6); straightness target; end finish (flat / chamfered / lathe-cut).
4. Route & cutover: Forged above Ø250 mm; if HR > Ø250 mm → provide extra QA pack (UT per EN 10308/SEP 1921 + macroetch per GB/T 226/ASTM E381, etc.); Forged preferred at Ø≥200 mm for pressure/heavy rotating.
5. Heat treatment: solution / aging (H900/H1025…) / stress-relief.
6. QA: UT class, macroetch, cleanliness (E45), Duplex A923/G48, Ferrite %.
7. Surface: HR/HRAP/drawn/peeled/ground/polished; target Ra.
8. Documentation: EN 10204 3.1/3.2, PMI, HT curves, raw UT, macroetch photos if required; TPI (ABS/LR/DNV/BV/TÜV/SGS).
9. Packing: end protection, VCI, moisture & scratch protection, labels (grade/heat/size/weight).
9) Risks & Pitfalls
• Using A276 for pressure service (should be A479 / EN 10272).
• Large diameters with plain HR without macro/UT (avoid HR for >Ø250 mm unless extra QA per 4.3).
• Using HR for Ø≥200 mm pressure/heavy rotating shafts (forging preferred).
• Duplex without A923/G48 or phase control.
• PH condition not defined (H900/H1025/H1150 differ vastly).
• Using 303/416 in welded/chloride/strong-corrosion service.
• Bright bar residual stress unmanaged (post-machining warp).
• Straightness/tolerances/Ra not specified (fit & vibration issues).
10) Delivery & Packing
• HR/Forged: dry or light rust-preventive oil, end protection, wooden box/steel pallet.
• Bright: non-woven wrap + VCI, separated to avoid scratches.
• Labels: grade, standard, size, tolerance, length, heat/batch, weight, route (HR/Forged) & HT condition; EN 10204 3.1/3.2 attached.
Sample Spec Lines
• Pump Shaft (Marine):
Forged bar, ASTM A479 S32205, Ø220 × 6000 mm, UT per EN 10228-3 (per project level), Ferrite 35–60%, ASTM A923 + G48A passed, CMTR 3.2.
• Flange Blank (Pressure):
Forged bar, ASTM A479 316L, Ø280 × 3000 mm, reduction ratio ≥3:1, UT per ASTM A388 (level per spec), macroetch per GB/T 226 passed, CMTR 3.1.
• Precision Shaft (Food):
Bright bar, EN 10088-3 1.4404, Ø25 × 3000 mm, h9, straightness ≤0.25 mm/m, centreless ground Ra ≤0.6 µm, ASTM A262-E passed, CMTR 3.1.
One-liner: Use HR up to Ø250 mm, forged above Ø250 mm; for pressure/heavy rotating ≥Ø200 mm, forged is preferred; if HR is extended to Ø280–350 mm, an approved extra QA pack (UT, macroetch, cleanliness, phase control) is mandatory.
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