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Metallic Composite Pipe for Oil & Gas Gathering & Transportation
Metallic Composite Pipe for Oil & Gas Gathering & Transportation
Metallic Composite Pipe for Oil & Gas Gathering & Transportation( Clad & Lined Pipe) ｜Global Sourcing for Engineering & Procurement
(Applicable to onshore and offshore gathering, H₂S/CO₂ service, water injection and produced water, thermal and deepwater subsea pipelines)
1. Product Positioning and Service Scope
1. Definition: “Clad and lined pipe” consists of a carbon-steel backing for strength and external pressure, and a corrosion-resistant alloy inner layer as the barrier. Two common forms are metallurgically clad pipe (bonded CRA layer) and mechanically lined pipe (oversized CRA liner expanded or reduced mechanically).
2. Scope: Suited for corrosive media in O&G service containing H₂S, CO₂, organic acids, chlorides and oxygenated injection water, covering onshore transmission, offshore topsides and subsea pipelines from wellheads to terminals.
3. Boundary to solid CRA pipe: For extremely severe media or conditions beyond the composite window, use solid CRA line pipe. For typical H₂S/CO₂ and seawater systems, clad or lined pipe optimizes life-cycle cost.
2. Standards Matrix (Global and Cross-Code Interface)
1. Base and line pipe: API 5L and ISO 3183; subsea design per DNV-ST-F101.
2. Clad and lined: API 5LD applies to metallurgically clad and mechanically lined pipes; solid CRA line pipe may follow API 5LC.
3. Materials fit: CRA layer per ASTM A240 and ASTM A312 for stainless steels, ASTM A790 for duplex, ASTM B444/B423 for nickel alloys; carbon-steel backings per API 5L, ASTM A516, ASTM A36 as specified.
4. Coating and external protection: ISO 21809 series for external anti-corrosion and field joint coatings.
5. Sour compliance: NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 for oil and gas sour environments, NACE MR0103 for refinery sour service.
6. Fabrication and welding: NORSOK M-601 for welding and fabrication, NORSOK M-650 for manufacturer qualification of CRA materials; IOGP JIP33 supplementary specs may apply to API 5L/ISO 3183 procurement.
7. Pipeline codes: ASME B31.4 and ASME B31.8 for onshore; DNV-ST-F101 and relevant RPs offshore.
8. QA framework: EN 10204 for inspection documents; EN ISO 9712/EN ISO 17635 for NDT personnel and methods as applicable.
3. Scenario–Material–Standard–Size Mapping (Text Quick Guide)
1. Onshore H₂S/CO₂ gathering: API 5L PSL2 backing with 316L or 317L CRA liner; API 5LD plus NACE MR0175; typical DN 100–DN 600; CRA nominal thickness 3–5 mm.
2. Seawater injection and produced-water systems: API 5L PSL2 backing with duplex 2205 or super-duplex 2507; API 5LD with NORSOK M-650; DNV-ST-F101 for offshore design; typical DN 150–DN 600; CRA thickness 3–6 mm.
3. Deepwater subsea transmission (high external pressure, free spanning): mechanically lined or metallurgically clad with Alloy 625 or 825; API 5LD, stability and buckling checks per DNV-ST-F101; typical DN 200–DN 500; wall thickness by design.
4. Chloride-rich, organic-acid multiphase lines: CRA 904L, 6Mo (S31254) or Alloy 825; API 5LD with NACE MR0175; typical DN 100–DN 400; CRA thickness 3–4 mm.
5. Hot sour rich gas and condensate laterals: CRA Alloy 625 liner; API 5LD with NACE MR0175; CRA-matching filler for welds; typical DN 50–DN 300.
6. Solid CRA preference: extremely severe acids, very long maintenance-free design or details not amenable to liners; use API 5LC solid CRA (e.g., 825, 625, C-276); size and wall by project.
4. Size Range and Tolerances (Typical Engineering Window)
1. Outside diameter: about 60–1422 mm; subsea commonly 168.3–508 mm.
2. Wall thickness: backing steel by strength and stability, typically 6–40 mm; CRA layer nominal 2.5–6 mm.
3. Length: 6–12 m, with 12 m common offshore.
4. Tolerances and geometry: OD, WT, ovality and straightness per API 5L/ISO 3183; CRA thickness and bond integrity per API 5LD. For mechanically lined pipe, wrinkle height, waviness and end-locking are quantified by API 5LD and project-specific supplements.
5. Ends: bevel per ASME B16.25; CRA end-locks or CRA rings for MLP to ensure corrosion barrier continuity at girth welds.
5. Manufacturing Flow and Critical Controls
1. Metallurgically clad route: CRA-clad plates by roll-bonding or explosion-bonding → forming by UOE or JCOE → SAW longitudinal welding → heat treatment/reshaping → NDT → bond shear, bend and flattening tests → hydrotest and dimensional checks.
2. Mechanically lined route: API 5L backing pipe → thin-wall CRA liner insertion → mechanical expansion or reduction for interference fit → CRA end-locks/rings welding → stabilization cycles → wrinkle and slip control → hydrotest and geometry checks.
3. Welding and tie-ins: metallurgical SAW with matching consumables; girth welds with CRA matching filler or internal weld overlay to maintain barrier continuity.
4. Coating/thermal: external coatings per ISO 21809; concrete weight coating or thermal insulation as required by DNV-ST-F101.
5. Traceability: EN 10204 3.1/3.2 with full heat and CRA batch traceability.
6. Quality, Inspection and Dossier (ITP Backbone)
1. Chemistry and mechanics: per material standards; hardness and microstructure control per NACE MR0175 for sour service.
2. Bond and liner integrity: clad pipe—bond shear, bend and flattening; MLP—wrinkle height, de-bonding/slip checks and end-lock verification.
3. NDT and pressure: UT/RT of backing and welds; visual and thickness checks; hydrotest on each length.
4. Coating and FJC: DFT, adhesion and holiday tests; field joints per ISO 21809-3.
5. Dossier: MTCs, heat-treat/expansion records, welding/NDT reports, hydrotest, coating QC, third-party witnessing and NCR close-out.
7. Supply Forms and Packaging
1. Supply: straight pipe with optional coating, field joint materials, welding consumables and CRA inner rings for fit-up.
2. Protection: end caps, CRA liner protectors, external coating protection, seaworthy packing with lifting/stacking guidance.
8. Ordering Checklist (Insert into RFQ/PO)
1. Codes and editions: API 5LD + API 5L/ISO 3183; DNV-ST-F101 for offshore; ISO 21809 for coatings; NACE MR0175 for sour.
2. Materials and sizes: backing grade, OD × WT × length, CRA grade and nominal thickness, end configuration and locking scheme.
3. Welding and inspection: CRA filler for girth welds, NDT scope, bond shear/wrinkle limits, hydrotest pressure.
4. Coating and auxiliaries: coating system and DFT, FJC process, concrete weight or insulation if required.
5. Documentation and witnessing: EN 10204 3.1/3.2, TPI points, manufacturing procedures/NCR management, transport and storage.
9. Material Selection Guide (Text)
1. Cost-effective corrosion resistance: 316L/317L liners.
2. Chloride and injection water: duplex 2205/super-duplex 2507 liners.
3. Severe corrosion and hot rich gas: nickel alloy 625/825 liners or solid CRA.
4. Deepwater external pressure: MLP or clad with stability/buckling per DNV-ST-F101.
5. Life-cycle focus: optimize among clad, MLP and solid CRA based on media, P-T, weldability and maintenance windows.
10. Procurement, Construction and O&M Risk Alerts
1. Treating clad/MLP as plain carbon steel—missing CRA continuity at girth welds and end-locks.
2. Unspecified wrinkle limits and bend radii for MLP—liner instability during field forming.
3. Missing hardness/microstructure control for sour—SSC risk.
4. Coating/CP mismatch—early corrosion subsea.
5. FJC and CRA barrier not safeguarded—pitting and crevice corrosion initiation.
6. Inadequate hydrostatic/external pressure verification—insufficient safety margins.
11. Representative Line Items (Ready-to-Use)
1. Onshore H₂S/CO₂ service:
“Clad/Lined Pipe, API 5LD + API 5L PSL2, OD 323.9 mm × WT 12.7 mm × L 12 m; CRA 316L liner t = 3.5 mm; CRA end-lock; UT/RT; bond shear & flattening passed; external coating ISO 21809 3LPE; NACE MR0175 compliant; EN 10204 3.2.”
2. Seawater injection trunk (topsides to wellhead):
“Clad/Lined Pipe, API 5LD + DNV-ST-F101, OD 406.4 mm × WT 19.1 mm × L 12 m; CRA 2205 liner t = 4.0 mm; duplex matching filler at girth; 3LPP; FJC per ISO 21809-3; dossier with hydrotest & TPI.”
3. Deepwater subsea transmission:
“Mechanically Lined Pipe, API 5LD, OD 273.1 mm × WT 22.2 mm × L 12 m; CRA Alloy 625 liner t = 3.0 mm with CRA ring; stability & buckling per DNV-ST-F101; CWC applied; full documentation.”
12. Representative Global Suppliers (Alphabetical, Examples)
1. BUTTING (Germany): mechanically lined and metallurgically clad solutions for onshore/offshore.
2. EEW Group (Germany/Malaysia/Korea): longitudinally welded clad line pipe and offshore pipelines.
3. JFE Steel (Japan): clad plate and pipe solutions.
4. Nippon Steel (Japan): clad plate and pipeline systems including CRA materials.
5. Tenaris (Global): clad/lined pipe, offshore line pipe and integrated services.
6. Cladtek (Indonesia/Brazil/Saudi Arabia): CRA weld overlay and clad components (piping/fittings).
7. Proclad (UK/Middle East): CRA weld overlay and clad components.
8. China (selected channels): Baowu clad plate and partnered LSAW mills, major long-seam mills and EPC-grade system suppliers.
(Note: Vendor capabilities and qualifications vary; use project-specific prequalification and certification.)
Metallic Composite Pipe for Oil & Gas Gathering & Transportation(Clad/MLP/Weld Overlay) ｜Technical Specifications
1. Definition & application
• Carbon-steel host provides pressure/structural capacity; inner CRA layer/liner or weld overlay provides corrosion resistance. Scope includes straight pipe, bends, tees, reducers, valve cavities and pups for oil & gas gathering/transmission.
2. Standards matrix
• Product/material: API 5LD (clad/MLP), API 5LC (solid CRA if used), NORSOK M-630 (MDS optional offshore).
• Design/verification: DNV-ST-F101 (subsea); ASME B31.3/31.4/31.8 (process/liquid/gas); MLP stability per DNV-RP-F104; new technology per DNV-RP-A203.
• Welding/overlay: ASME IX (QW-214) + API RP 582; dissimilar welds commonly use ERNiCrMo-3 (Alloy 625).
• Coating/material selection: ISO 21809 (external), ISO 21457 (selection), ISO 15156/NACE MR0175 + TM0177/TM0284 (sour).
• Documentation: EN 10204 3.1/3.2, full ITP/ITR and traceability.
3. Construction routes
• Clad: explosion-bonded/hot-rolled clad plate → LSAW/SAW forming → HT → finishing. High shear-strength interface; preferred for high pressure/deepwater/severe corrosion trunklines.
• MLP: CS host + thin CRA liner hydraulically/roll-expanded with end mechanical locks; verify liner stability under external pressure/bending/installation via DNV-RP-F104. Cost-effective for large OD/long distance.
• Weld overlay: internal GTAW-HW/GMAW-P/SAW/PTA overlay in 625/316L/2507 etc.; control dilution (Fe%), effective thickness, hardness and ferrite per ASME IX + API RP 582. Ideal for fittings/valves/tees/bends/local reinforcement and “buttering”.
4. Materials (examples)
• Host: API 5L Gr.B / X52 / X60 / X65 / X70 / X80 (PSL2 recommended).
• CRA layer/liner: 304L/316L/317L/904L; duplex/super-duplex 2205/2507; Ni-base 625/825/C-276.
• Overlay fillers: ERNiCrMo-3 (625), 309/312 transition + 316L/625 finish as applicable.
• Selection per ISO 21457; sour per ISO 15156/NACE MR0175 with SSC/HIC testing as required.
5. Sizes & tolerances (typical engineering ranges)
• OD ~ 4″–48″; total WT ~ 8–40 mm; CRA layer typically ~ 2–6 mm (state nominal and minimum).
• Length 6/12 m; subsea commonly 12.2 m (40 ft), up to 18–24 m; MLP often ≤ 12 m.
• Ends per ASME B16.25; MLP end-locks/flare geometry to be detailed; OD/WT/ovality/straightness/end squareness per API 5LD/PO; bending D/t per qualified window.
6. Service–material–standard quick mapping
• Wet CO₂, moderate Cl⁻, T ≤ 120 °C (on/offshore): 316L Clad or 316L-MLP; API 5LD + B31.4/31.8 (onshore) or DNV-ST-F101 (subsea); ISO 21809 coating.
• Water injection/seawater return (high Cl⁻, crevice risk): 2205/2507 Clad/MLP; add 625/2507 overlay at welds/tees; ISO 21457 selection.
• Medium-to-severe sour (H₂S + CO₂, solids, higher T): Alloy 625 Clad for main line; 625 overlay for fittings/valves; ISO 15156 + SSC/HIC.
• Deepwater/high external pressure + HPHT: prefer Clad; MLP only with DNV-RP-F104 qualification for collapse and end-lock; verify installation loads to DNV-ST-F101.
• Cost-sensitive, moderate corrosion: MLP-316L/2205; constrain bend radius/external pressure envelope; bespoke weld/BJ procedures.
• Local extreme corrosion/erosion: Weld Overlay 625/C-276 with buttering and transition welds; qualify per ASME IX + API RP 582.
7. Design & analysis notes
• Internal pressure thickness normally based on CS host; CRA layer generally not credited for pressure unless project allows.
• External pressure/buckling per DNV-ST-F101; MLP liner collapse per DNV-RP-F104.
• Fracture/toughness: CVN/DWTT or CTOD per project; weld toughness to cover installation.
• Bending/induction bends: require construction route qualification proving liner/clad/overlay integrity after bending.
8. Manufacturing & process control
• Clad: interface UT + shear/bend/peel; SAW girth weld 100% UT/RT; hydro; geometry/ID mapping.
• MLP: liner expansion + end-lock; liner integrity (borescope/fake-bevel checks); type-test for collapse/end-lock; hydro.
• Overlay: WPS/PQR (QW-214); chemistry (Fe%/Ni%/Mo%), hardness/ferrite, G48/G28 as needed; NDE; thickness mapping.
• Coating: plant FBE/3LPE/3LPP to ISO 21809-1; concrete weight coating if required; field joint per ISO 21809-3.
9. QA/QC & documentation
• Chemistry/mechanics for host & CRA; overlay chemistry/hardness/ferrite.
• Interface tests (clad) and type-tests (MLP collapse/end-lock).
• NDE: 100% weld UT/RT for critical/subsea; CRA thickness mapping; post-bend re-inspection.
• Corrosion tests G48/G28; SSC/HIC for sour.
• Hydro or equivalent tightness test; cyclic/helium optional per PO.
• Docs: EN 10204 3.1/3.2 MTC, ITP/ITR, WPS/PQR/WPQ, NDE/hydro/corrosion/qualification, coating/FJ records, full traceability.
10. Delivery & packing
• Ends per B16.25; MLP end-locks protected; dry preservation; seaworthy bundling/cradles; marking of CRA nominal/min thickness, coating system/thickness and inspection status.
11. RFQ/PO checklist (ready-to-use)
12. Route: Clad / MLP / Weld Overlay (or hybrid).
13. Size: OD × total WT × length; CRA/overlay nominal & minimum; MLP end-lock type.
14. Materials: Host API 5L grade (PSL2), CRA grade (316L/2205/2507/625/825/C-276), ISO 15156 domain/hardness for sour.
15. Design/service: Code (B31.* or DNV-ST-F101), P/T, water depth/external pressure, pH₂S/pCO₂/Cl⁻/pH/water/solids, design life/corrosion allowance.
16. Qualification/inspection: Clad interface shear/UT, weld 100% UT/RT; MLP collapse/end-lock (DNV-RP-F104); overlay WPS/PQR + chemistry/hardness/corrosion; hydro/tightness.
17. Coating/FJ: ISO 21809 system, total thickness/adhesion/peel tests; field-joint material/procedure.
18. Bending/installation: induction bend or reel-lay windows; post-bend CRA/liner integrity checks.
19. Docs: 3.1/3.2 MTC, ITP/ITR, NDE/hydro/corrosion/qualification, coating/FJ records, 3rd-party or class witnessing.
20. Field risks & controls
• MLP liner stability vs external pressure/bending/installation—qualify before use; prohibit out-of-window re-bending/flattening.
• Overlay dilution & hardness—limit Fe%, control interpass and purge; verify ferrite; accept via chemistry/hardness/corrosion.
• Field joint quality & cathodic protection—adhesion/peel/thickness tests to ISO 21809-3; CP design per project.
• Commissioning—ramp pigging and medium switches; avoid erosion-corrosion spikes; full traceability per joint/weld/FJ.
13. “Do-not” list
• Deploying MLP in deepwater without DNV-RP-F104 qualification for collapse/end-locks.
• Crediting CRA thickness for pressure without explicit project approval and min-thickness control plan.
• Performing 625 overlay/dissimilar welds without dilution/hardness/ferrite/corrosion control.
• Skipping field-joint qualification to ISO 21809-3.
• Sour service without SSC/HIC and ISO 15156 hardness control.
14. Global clusters & indicative suppliers (alphabetical; verify scope/approvals)
• Germany: BUTTING (BuBi® MLP), EEW Group (LSAW/clad projects), Eisenbau Krämer (EBK) (LSAW/clad).
• Japan: Nippon Steel, JFE Steel (CRA/clad, LSAW).
• Europe: Vallourec, Tenaris Europe (incl. Confab, clad/CRA), Inox Tech (CRA welded), Proclad (overlay & spools).
• North America: Tenaris (US/MX/AR), U. S. Steel Tubular (partial composite offers), NobelClad (explosion-bonded plate supply).
• India: Jindal SAW (LSAW/clad), Ratnamani (CRA/overlay).
• China: PCK (Guangzhou) (LSAW/projects), Jiuli (CRA/fittings/overlay), Baosteel (clad plate upstream).
• Middle East/SE Asia: Cladtek (overlay/MLP/bends, project execution).
(Note: capabilities differ in plate source, MLP lock design, overlay process, size ceilings and certification; request project references and process qualifications in RFQ.)
15. Example spec lines
• Onshore CO₂/mod-Cl⁻ trunk (Clad):
“API 5LD Clad pipe, host API 5L X65 PSL2; CRA 316L (nominal 3.0 mm, minimum mapping per annex); OD 20″ × total WT 22.0 mm × L 12.2 m; UOE; 100% weld UT/RT; hydro each; external 3LPE (ISO 21809-1); EN 10204 3.2; interface shear/bend passed; ASTM G48A spot tests passed.”
• Subsea water injection (MLP):
“API 5LD MLP, host API 5L X65 PSL2; liner 2205 (nominal 2.5 mm); OD 16″ × total WT 20.6 mm × L 12 m; mechanical end-lock type A; qualification to DNV-RP-F104 (collapse/end-lock); hydro; external 3LPP + CWC; field-joint per ISO 21809-3; 3.2 MTC with qualification dossier.”
• Valve cavity/tees (Weld Overlay):
“Body ASTM A694 F65; internal weld overlay 625 (≥ 3.0 mm effective, Fe%/hardness/ferrite per WPS/PQR/spec); NDE passed; ASTM G48A/G28 passed; external FBE; bevel per ASME B16.25; docs include ASME IX QW-214 overlay PQR and chemistry/hardness records.”
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